Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klinkwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen the verb is closely related to *klinganą (“to cling, to stick”), in his reconstruction both verbs originally had the meaning 'to shrink'. He suggests a connection with Lithuanian gležti (“to become flabby”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkliŋʷ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klinkwaną

1. to be afraid, to be shocked, to be appalled
2. to lament
3. to cry, to weep

Inflection

Conjugation of *klinkwaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klinkwō	*klinkwaų	—	*klinkwai	?
2nd singular	*klinkwizi	*klinkwaiz	*klinkw	*klinkwazai	*klinkwaizau
3rd singular	*klinkwidi	*klinkwai	*klinkwadau	*klinkwadai	*klinkwaidau
1st dual	*klinkwōz	*klinkwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klinkwadiz	*klinkwaidiz	*klinkwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*klinkwamaz	*klinkwaim	—	*klinkwandai	*klinkwaindau
2nd plural	*klinkwid	*klinkwaid	*klinkwid	*klinkwandai	*klinkwaindau
3rd plural	*klinkwandi	*klinkwain	*klinkwandau	*klinkwandai	*klinkwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klankw	*klunkį̄
2nd singular	*klanht	*klunkīz
3rd singular	*klankw	*klunkī
1st dual	*klunkū	*klunkīw
2nd dual	*klunkudiz	*klunkīdiz
1st plural	*klunkum	*klunkīm
2nd plural	*klunkud	*klunkīd
3rd plural	*klunkun	*klunkīn
	present	past
participles	*klinkwandz	*klunkwanaz

Descendants

• Old Norse: klǫkkva
  • Icelandic: klökkva
  • Faroese: kløkka
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: kløkke

    Norwegian Nynorsk: kløkke, kløkka

  • Danish: klynke, klykke

    → Norwegian Bokmål: klynke

    → Norwegian Nynorsk: klynke, klynka