Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kutjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly related to *ketwą (“meat”). Also compare *kwetwą (“flesh”). For possible sense development, compare Latin carō (“meat”), which probably was originally "a piece of meat cut off".

Verb

*kutjaną

1. to cut

Inflection

Conjugation of *kutjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kutjō	*kutjaų	—	*kutjai	?
2nd singular	*kutisi	*kutjais	*kuti	*kutjasai	*kutjaisau
3rd singular	*kutiþi	*kutjai	*kutjaþau	*kutjaþai	*kutjaiþau
1st dual	*kutjōs	*kutjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kutjaþiz	*kutjaiþiz	*kutjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kutjamaz	*kutjaim	—	*kutjanþai	*kutjainþau
2nd plural	*kutiþ	*kutjaiþ	*kutiþ	*kutjanþai	*kutjainþau
3rd plural	*kutjanþi	*kutjain	*kutjanþau	*kutjanþai	*kutjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kutidǭ	*kutidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kutidēz	*kutidēdīz
3rd singular	*kutidē	*kutidēdī
1st dual	*kutidēdū	*kutidēdīw
2nd dual	*kutidēdudiz	*kutidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kutidēdum	*kutidēdīm
2nd plural	*kutidēdud	*kutidēdīd
3rd plural	*kutidēdun	*kutidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kutjandz	*kutidaz

Descendants

• Old Norse: kytja, kutta
  • Icelandic: kutta
  • → Middle English: cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten
    • Scots: kut, kit
    • English: cut

Further reading

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) “ketwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286