Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laibijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *lībaną +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑi̯.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*laibijaną

to leave behind, to leave remaining

Inflection

Conjugation of *laibijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*laibijō	*laibijaų	—	*laibijai	?
2nd singular	*laibīsi	*laibijais	*laibī	*laibijasai	*laibijaisau
3rd singular	*laibīþi	*laibijai	*laibijaþau	*laibijaþai	*laibijaiþau
1st dual	*laibijōs	*laibijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*laibijaþiz	*laibijaiþiz	*laibijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*laibijamaz	*laibijaim	—	*laibijanþai	*laibijainþau
2nd plural	*laibīþ	*laibijaiþ	*laibīþ	*laibijanþai	*laibijainþau
3rd plural	*laibijanþi	*laibijain	*laibijanþau	*laibijanþai	*laibijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laibidǭ	*laibidēdį̄
2nd singular	*laibidēz	*laibidēdīz
3rd singular	*laibidē	*laibidēdī
1st dual	*laibidēdū	*laibidēdīw
2nd dual	*laibidēdudiz	*laibidēdīdiz
1st plural	*laibidēdum	*laibidēdīm
2nd plural	*laibidēdud	*laibidēdīd
3rd plural	*laibidēdun	*laibidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*laibijandz	*laibidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *laibijan
- Old English: lǣfan
  - Middle English: leven, leaven, lefven
    - English: leave
    - Scots: leve, leif
    - Yola: laave, lea, lee
- Old Frisian: lēva
- Old Saxon: lēvian
  - Middle Low German: lêven
- Old High German: leiben
  - Middle High German: leiben
Old Norse: leifa
- Icelandic: leifa
- Faroese: leiva
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: leive
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: leiva, leive
- Old Swedish: lēva
  - Swedish: leva (obsolete)
- Old Gutnish: laifa
Gothic: *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*laibjan) (in 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan))

References