Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/listiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably formed from the root of *lizaną (“to know, understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow, trail, trace”), equivalent to *lizaną +‎ *-þiz. Compare also Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn (“to learn”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlis.tiz/

Noun

*listiz f

art, craft
cunning, guile

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *listiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*listiz	*listīz
vocative	*listi	*listīz
accusative	*listį	*listinz
genitive	*listīz	*listijǫ̂
dative	*listī	*listimaz
instrumental	*listī	*listimiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *listi
- Old English: list
  - Middle English: liste
    - English: list
    - Scots: list
- Old Frisian: list, lest
  - Saterland Frisian: List
  - West Frisian: list
- Old Saxon: list
  - Middle Low German: list
    - German Low German: List
    - Low German: list
- Old Dutch: list
  - Middle Dutch: list
    - Dutch: list
- Old High German: list
  - Middle High German: list
    - German: List
Old Norse: list
- Icelandic: list
- Faroese: list
- Old Swedish: list
  - Swedish: list
- Danish: list
Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)
- → Proto-Slavic: *lь̏stь (see there for further descendants)
→⇒? Vulgar Latin: *listus
- Catalan: llest
- Spanish: listo
- Italian: lesto
  - → Maltese: lest
- Portuguese: lesto