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list

See also: List, līst, лист, and ліст

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EnglishEdit

WOTD – 19 October 2018

PronunciationEdit

 
A list (sense 3) of the Roman Catholic popes buried in St. Peter’s Basilica on a plaque at the entrance to the Sacristy

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista,[1] all from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”). The word is cognate with Dutch lijst (“list”), Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”), Galician lista (“band, strip; list”), German Leiste (“ledge; (heraldry) bar”), Icelandic lista, listi, Italian lista (“list; strip”), Portuguese lista (“list”), Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”), Swedish lista (“list”).

NounEdit

list (plural lists)

  1. A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
    • c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “Measvre for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], lines 27–34, page 62, column 1:
      1. Gent[leman]. Well: there went but a paire of ſheeres betweene vs. / Luc[io]. I grant: as there may betweene the Liſts, and the Veluet. Thou art the Liſt. / 1. Gent. And thou the Veluet. Thou art good Veluet; thou'rt a three pild-piece I warrant thee: I had as liefe be a Lyſt of an Engliſh Kerſey, as be pil'd, as thou art pil'd, for a French Veluet. Do I ſpeake feelingly now?
      1st Gentleman. Well, you and I are cut from the same cloth. / Lucio. I agree: just as the lists [scraps from the edge of the cloth] and the velvet are from the same cloth. You are the list. / 1st Gentleman. And you are the velvet. You are good velvet; you are a three-piled piece, I'll bet. I would willingly be a list of an English kersey, than be full of piles [haemorrhoids], as you are piled, like a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now?
  2. Material used for cloth selvage.
    • 1871 September 18, “The Jewish New Year”, in The Jewish Herald: A Record of Christian Effort for the Salvation of Israel, London: John Snow & Co., […]; and the British Society [for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews], […], published 1 November 1871, OCLC 749304689, page 174:
      Previous to the offering up of prayer, however, the persons chosen for this office [of praying for the people] had divested themselves of their boots and put on list slippers, their hands being washed by "the descendants of Levi" at a basin near the Holy of Holies.
    • 1893, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Naval Treaty”, in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt, OCLC 691143; republished London: John Murray, […], January 1950, OCLC 632221174, page 255:
      "How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room about nine left to traces with her muddy boots?" / "I am glad you raise the point. It occurred to me at the time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting on list slippers."
  3. A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
    • 1625, Francis Bacon, “Of Youth and Age. XLII.”, in The Essayes or Covncils, Civill and Moral, […] Newly Written, London: Printed by Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290; newly enlarged edition, London: Printed by Iohn Haviland, […], 1632, OCLC 863527675, pages 247–248:
      Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was with Iulius Cæſar, and Septimius Seuerus. […] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all the Liſt.
    • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut: How microbes promote liver cancer in the overweight”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–73:
      Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. […] Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. Dr Yoshimoto and his colleagues would like to add liver cancer to that list.
  4. (in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.
  5. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the LISP programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
  6. (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
  7. (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.
  8. (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
  9. (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
  10. (obsolete) A stripe.
    • 1646, Thomas Browne, “Of the Same [i.e., the Blacknesse of Negroes]”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Or, Enquiries into Very Many Received Tenents, and Commonly Presumed Truths, London: Printed for Tho. Harper for Edvvard Dod, OCLC 838860010; Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Or, Enquiries into Very Many Received Tenents, and Commonly Presumed Truths. […], book 6, 2nd corrected and much enlarged edition, London: Printed by A. Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath. Ekins, […], 1650, OCLC 152706203, page 282:
      Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a black liſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.
  11. (obsolete) A boundary or limit; a border.
    • c. 1597, [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fovrth; […], quarto edition, London: Printed by P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, OCLC 932916628, [Act IV, scene i]:
      [W]ere it good / […] to ſet ſo rich a maine / On the nice hazard of one doubtfull houre? / It were not good for therein ſhould we read / The very bottome and the ſoule of hope, / The very liſt, the very vtmost bound / Of all our fortunes.
      Is it good / […] to place so high a stake / On the risky hazard of one doubtful hour? / No, it would be no good for we would read into it that we had reached / The end of our hope, / The very limit, the very utmost boundary / Of all our luck.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from list (noun)
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

VerbEdit

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive) To create or recite a list.
  2. (transitive) To place in listings.
  3. (transitive) To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir H. Wotton to this entry?)
  4. (transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
    to list a door
    • Alfred Tennyson:
      The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom.
  5. (transitive, agriculture) To plough and plant with a lister.
  6. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe.
  7. (transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.
    to list a board
  8. (transitive, military) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
  9. (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
  10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from list
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English liste, from Old English list (“art, cleverness, cunning, experience, skill, craft”), from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“craft, art”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“track, furrow, trace, trail”). Cognate with Scots list (“art, skill, craft, cunning”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Dutch list (“ruse, strategem, guile, artifice, sleight”), Low German list (“wisdom, prudence, cunning, artifice”), German List (“cunning, ruse, trick, guile, ploy”), Swedish list (“cunning, art, trick, ruse, wile, guile, stealth”), Icelandic list (“art”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). Related to lore, lere, learn.

NounEdit

list (uncountable)

  1. (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.
    • 1877, James Clarke & Co, The literary world:
      In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italian list and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
    • 1893, Solomon Caesar, Original notes on the Book of Proverbs:
      "[...] The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only with list or cunning within."
    • 1897, Lilian Winser, Lays and legends of the Weald of Kent:
      For when the guileful monster smiled Snakes left their holes and hissed, — And stroking soft his silken beard Raised creatures full of list.
    • 1991, Alexander L. Ringer, The Early romantic era:
      The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed by List ... (List = cunning); [...].
    • 1992, University of Reading. Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, Reading medieval studies:
      The latter wins his fight not by list but through straightforward knightly prowess, [...]
    • 2000, Cordula Scholz, Georgios Makris, Peter Schreiner, Polypleuros nous:
      It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal, Manuel, as depicted by Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than by list."
    • 2008, Jon B. Sherman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, The magician in medieval German literature:
      One man can accomplish with list (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Clipping of list(en).

VerbEdit

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)

  1. (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
    • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii], page 359, column 1:
      2 [Soldier] Peace, what noiſe? / 1 [Soldier] Liſt liſt. / 2 Hearke. / 1 Music i' th' Ayre.
    • 1878, Edward Hayes Plumptre (transl.), Philoctetes, line 1267.
      Neop. Be of good cheer, and list to what I speak.
    • 1889, Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead (transl.), Agamemnon, page 66 in The House of Atreus, 2nd edition,
      Albeit ye know its message. Praise or blame,
      Even as ye list,—I reck not of your words.
    • Frank Moore
      We list to the trumpings that herald the storm,
      To the roll of the drum, and the order to form!
  2. (transitive, poetic) To listen to.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

Possibly from tilting on lists in jousts,[2] or from the same root as the "desire" etymology.[3]

NounEdit

list (plural lists)

  1. (nautical) A tilting or careening to one side, usually not intentionally / not under a ship's own power.
  2. (architecture) A tilt to a building.
TranslationsEdit

VerbEdit

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (nautical) To tilt to one side.
    the ship listed to port
  2. (nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side.
    the steady wind listed the ship
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 5Edit

From Middle English listen, list, liste, leste, lesten (“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), from Old English lystan,[4] from Proto-Germanic *lustijaną, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). The word is cognate with Danish lyste (“to desire, feel like, want”), Dutch lusten (“to appreciate, like; to lust”), Faroese lysta (“to desire”), Old Norse lyste (“to desire; to lust”), Old High German lusten (modern German gelüsten and lüsten (obsolete)).

The noun sense is from the verb, or from Middle English list, liste, lest, leste (“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived from Middle English listen, list (verb).[5]

VerbEdit

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to.
  2. (transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something).
    • 1536–42, Thomas Wyatt, "If in the world there be more woe" [modernized spelling]:
      Who list to live in quietness
      By me let him beware ...
    • 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii], page 12, column 2:
      If thou beeſt a man, ſhew thy ſelfe in thy likeneſs. If thou beeſt a diuell, take't as thou liſt.
    • 1611, King James Version, John 3:8:
      The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.
    • 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. VIII, Unworking Aristocracy
      Ye are as gods, that can create soil. Soil-creating gods there is no withstanding. They have the might to sell wheat at what price they list; and the right, to all lengths, and famine-lengths, — if they be pitiless infernal gods!
    • 1959, Leo Strauss, "What is Political Philosophy?", in What is Political Philosophy?, page 51:
      License consists in doing what one lists; liberty consists in doing in the right manner the good only;
    • 2007, John Burrow, A History of Histories, Penguin 2009, page 413:
      The spirit seemed to blow where it listed among a historically motley collection of Catholic theologians, Puritan zealots and American squires.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

NounEdit

list

  1. (obsolete) Desire, inclination.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ “lī̆st(e, n.(2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.
  2. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20120420085028/http://www.drbilllong.com/CurrentEventsV/ListWII.html
  3. ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=list
  4. ^ “listen, v.(1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 17 June 2018.
  5. ^ “list, n.(2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 17 June 2018.

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list m

  1. leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
  2. letter (written message)
  3. sheet (sheet of paper)
  4. newspaper
    Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
  5. certificate (document containing a certified statement)
    rodný list -- birth certificate
    úmrtní list -- death certificate

DeclensionEdit

Declension
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu listů
dative listu listům
accusative list listy
vocative liste listy
locative listu, listě listech
instrumental listem listy

Derived termsEdit

Related terms

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • list in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • list in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

DanishEdit

NounEdit

list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)

  1. cunning, trick

VerbEdit

list

  1. imperative of liste

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n)

  1. a cunning plan

AnagramsEdit

FaroeseEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

  1. art

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listir listirnar
accusative list listina listir listirnar
dative list listini listum listunum
genitive listar listarinnar lista listanna

IcelandicEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir)

  1. art

DeclensionEdit

declension of list
f-s2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listir listirnar
accusative list listina listir listirnar
dative list listinni listum listunum
genitive listar listarinnar lista listanna

Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list m (diminutive listk)

  1. leaf, foliage
  2. letter (a written message)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative list lista listy
Genitive lista listowu listow
Dative listoju listoma listam
Accusative list lista listy
Instrumental listom listoma listami
Locative lisće listoma listach

Norwegian BokmålEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse list

NounEdit

list m, f (definite singular lista or listen)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness

Etymology 2Edit

VerbEdit

list

  1. imperative of liste

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse list

NounEdit

list f (definite singular lista)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness

ReferencesEdit

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *listiz. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list f

  1. art; cunning, guile, craft

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative list lista, liste
accusative liste lista, liste
genitive liste lista
dative liste listum

DescendantsEdit

Old SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

NounEdit

list f

  1. skill, proficiency
  2. art, craft
  3. cunning, slyness
  4. resort

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list (i-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listi(r), -e(r) listina(r), -ena(r)
accusative list listina, -ena listi(r), -e(r) listina(r), -ena(r)
dative list listinni, -inne listum, -om listumin, -omen
genitive lista(r) listinna(r) lista listanna

DescendantsEdit

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list m inan (diminutive liścik)

  1. letter (a written message)

DeclensionEdit

declension of list
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu listów
dative listowi listom
accusative list listy
instrumental listem listami
locative liście listach
vocative liście listy

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • list in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст)

  1. leaf
  2. (computing) leaf
  3. sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
  4. newsletter, newspaper
  5. certificate (any official document attesting a fact)
  6. (obsolete) letter (written message)
  7. calf (leg part)
  8. sole, flatfish (fish species)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list
singular plural
nominative lȋst lȉstovi
genitive lista lȉstōvā
dative listu listovima
accusative list listove
vocative listu listovi
locative listu listovima
instrumental listom listovima

ReferencesEdit

  • “list” in Hrvatski jezični portal

SlovakEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list m (genitive singular listu, lista, nominative plural listy, genitive plural listov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. letter; a written message
  2. leaf; a part of a tree
  3. sheet; a piece of paper

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu, lista listov
dative listu listom
accusative list listy
locative liste listoch
instrumental listom listami

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • list in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

líst m inan (genitive lísta, nominative plural lísti)

  1. piece of paper
  2. leaf
  3. sole
  4. (anatomy) calf (leg part)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of líst (masculine inan., hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative líst lísta lísti
accusative líst lísta líste
genitive lísta lístov lístov
dative lístu lístoma lístom
locative lístu lístih lístih
instrumental lístom lístoma lísti

Related termsEdit

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs-. Cognate with Icelandic list.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

list c

  1. smartness, trick, cunning
  2. a strip (of wood or metal, a thin and long board), a border, a beading
  3. (graphical user interface) a bar

DeclensionEdit

Declension of list 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative list listen lister listerna
Genitive lists listens listers listernas

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Upper SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

NounEdit

list m

  1. letter
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