list
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English list, liste, mostly from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (cognate with Dutch lijst, German Leiste, Icelandic lista/listi). Middle English liste (“border, edging, stripe”) gave rise to the sense of "catalogue of names" by circa 1600; it was influenced by Old French liste or Old Italian lista (both meaning "border, band; strip of paper"), which are themselves from the Germanic word.
NounEdit
list (plural lists)
- A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
- Shakespeare:
- gartered with a red and blue list
- Shakespeare:
- Material used for cloth selvage.
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1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Naval Treaty, Norton 2005, page 681:
- The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting on list slippers.
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- (in the plural) The palisades or barriers used to fence off a space for tilting or jousting tournaments.
- 1663, Hudibras, by Samuel Butler, part 1, canto 2:
- With truncheon tipp'd with iron head, / The warrior to the lists he led.
- Alexander Pope
- In measured lists to toss the weighty lance.
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1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
- William de Wyvil, and Stephen de Martival, [...] armed at all points, rode up and down the lists to enforce and preserve good order among the spectators.
- 1663, Hudibras, by Samuel Butler, part 1, canto 2:
- A register or roll of paper consisting of an enumeration or compilation of a set of possible items; the enumeration or compilation itself. [1600]
- Francis Bacon:
- He was the ablest emperor of all the list.
-
2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 72-3:
- Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. […] Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. Dr Yoshimoto and his colleagues would like to add liver cancer to that list.
- Francis Bacon:
- (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list, used to store data or in processing; especially, in the LISP programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
- (obsolete) A limit or boundary; a border.
- Shakespeare
- The very list, the very utmost bound, / Of all our fortunes.
- Shakespeare
- (obsolete) A stripe.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Thomas Browne to this entry?)
- (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
- (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a plank or board.
- (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
- (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin.
- (tin-plate manufacture) A wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
SynonymsEdit
- (enumeration or compilation of items): For semantic relationships of this sense, see list in the Thesaurus.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
VerbEdit
list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)
- To create or recite a list.
- To place in listings.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
- (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
- Walter Scott, The Waverly Novels:
- "I will list you for my soldier, then," said the Countess.
- Walter Scott, The Waverly Novels:
- (transitive) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
- To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or form a border.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir H. Wotton to this entry?)
- To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
- to list a door
- Alfred Tennyson:
- The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom.
- (carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.
- to list a board
- To plough and plant with a lister.
- (US, Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with the hoe.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English liste, from Old English list (“art, cleverness, cunning, experience, skill, craft”), from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“craft, art”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“track, furrow, trace, trail”). Cognate with Scots list (“art, skill, craft, cunning”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Dutch list (“ruse, strategem, guile, artifice, sleight”), Low German list (“wisdom, prudence, cunning, artifice”), German List (“cunning, ruse, trick, guile, ploy”), Swedish list (“cunning, art, trick, ruse, wile, guile, stealth”), Icelandic list (“art”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). Related to lore, lere, learn.
NounEdit
list (uncountable)
- (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.
- 1877, James Clarke & Co, The literary world:
- In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italian list and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
- 1893, Solomon Caesar, Original notes on the Book of Proverbs:
- "[...] The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only with list or cunning within."
- 1897, Lilian Winser, Lays and legends of the Weald of Kent:
- For when the guileful monster smiled Snakes left their holes and hissed, — And stroking soft his silken beard Raised creatures full of list.
- 1991, Alexander L. Ringer, The Early romantic era:
- The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed by List ... (List = cunning); [...].
- 1992, University of Reading. Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, Reading medieval studies:
- The latter wins his fight not by list but through straightforward knightly prowess, [...]
- 2000, Cordula Scholz, Georgios Makris, Peter Schreiner, Polypleuros nous:
- It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal, Manuel, as depicted by Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than by list."
- 2008, Jon B. Sherman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, The magician in medieval German literature:
- One man can accomplish with list (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.
- 1877, James Clarke & Co, The literary world:
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From listen.
VerbEdit
list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)
- (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
- 1607, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra iv 3:
- Peace, what noise? / List, list! / Hark! / Music i' the air.
- 1878, Edward Hayes Plumptre (transl.), Philoctetes, line 1267.
- Neop. Be of good cheer, and list to what I speak.
- 1889, Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead (transl.), Agamemnon, page 66 in The House of Atreus, 2nd edition,
- Albeit ye know its message. Praise or blame,
Even as ye list,—I reck not of your words.
- Albeit ye know its message. Praise or blame,
- Frank Moore
- We list to the trumpings that herald the storm,
To the roll of the drum, and the order to form!
- We list to the trumpings that herald the storm,
- 1607, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra iv 3:
- (transitive, poetic) To listen to.
- Shakespeare:
- Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain, / If with too credent ear you list his songs.
- Shakespeare:
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Possibly from tilting on lists in jousts,[1] or from the same root as the "desire" etymology.[2]
NounEdit
list (plural lists)
- (nautical) A tilting or careening to one side, usually not intentionally / not under a ship's own power.
- (architecture) A tilt to a building.
TranslationsEdit
VerbEdit
list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)
- (nautical) To tilt to one side.
- the ship listed to port
- (nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side.
- the steady wind listed the ship
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 5Edit
From Middle English listen, lesten, lusten, from Old English lystan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijaną, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). Akin to Old Norse lysta (whence cognate with Danish and Norwegian lyste), Old High German lusten (German gelüsten and obsolete lüsten).
VerbEdit
list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)
- (archaic, transitive) To be pleasing to.
- (archaic) To wish, like, desire (to do something).
- 1536–42, Thomas Wyatt, "If in the world there be more woe" [modernized spelling]:
- Who list to live in quietness
- By me let him beware ...
- 1610, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act 3 scene 2
- If thou beest a man, show thyself in thy / likeness: if thou beest a devil, take't as thou list.
- 1611, King James Version, John 3:8:
- The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.
- 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. VIII, Unworking Aristocracy
- Ye are as gods, that can create soil. Soil-creating gods there is no withstanding. They have the might to sell wheat at what price they list; and the right, to all lengths, and famine-lengths, — if they be pitiless infernal gods!
- 1959, Leo Strauss, "What is Political Philosophy?", in What is Political Philosophy?, page 51:
- License consists in doing what one lists; liberty consists in doing in the right manner the good only;
- 2007, John Burrow, A History of Histories, Penguin 2009, page 413:
- The spirit seemed to blow where it listed among a historically motley collection of Catholic theologians, Puritan zealots and American squires.
- 1536–42, Thomas Wyatt, "If in the world there be more woe" [modernized spelling]:
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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NounEdit
list
- (obsolete) Inclination; desire.
- 1603, William Shakespeare, Othello, Act II, sc. 1:
- I find it still when I have list to sleep.
- 1603, William Shakespeare, Othello, Act II, sc. 1:
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
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audio (file)
NounEdit
list m
- leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
- letter (written message)
- sheet (sheet of paper)
- newspaper
- Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
- certificate (document containing a certified statement)
- rodný list -- birth certificate
- úmrtní list -- death certificate
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- list in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- list in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
DanishEdit
NounEdit
list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)
VerbEdit
list
- imperative of liste
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n)
- a cunning plan
AnagramsEdit
FaroeseEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of list | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | list | listin | listir | listirnar |
accusative | list | listina | listir | listirnar |
dative | list | listini | listum | listunum |
genitive | listar | listarinnar | lista | listanna |
IcelandicEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
Lower SorbianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list m (diminutive listk)
DeclensionEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
list m, f (definite singular lista or listen)
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
list
- imperative of liste
ReferencesEdit
- “list” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
list f (definite singular lista)
ReferencesEdit
- “list” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *listiz. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list f
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit
Old SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list f
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | list | listin | listi(r), -e(r) | listina(r), -ena(r) |
accusative | list | listina, -ena | listi(r), -e(r) | listina(r), -ena(r) |
dative | list | listinni, -inne | listum, -om | listumin, -omen |
genitive | lista(r) | listinna(r) | lista | listanna |
DescendantsEdit
- Swedish: list
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list m inan (diminutive liścik)
- letter (a written message)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- list in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст)
- leaf
- (computing) leaf
- sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
- newsletter, newspaper
- certificate (any official document attesting a fact)
- (obsolete) letter (written message)
- calf (leg part)
- sole, flatfish (fish species)
DeclensionEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “list” in Hrvatski jezični portal
SlovakEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
list m (genitive singular listu, lista, nominative plural listy, genitive plural listov, declension pattern of dub)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- list in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ˈlíːst/
- Tonal orthography: lȋst
NounEdit
líst m inan (genitive lísta, nominative plural lísti)
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs-. Cognate with Icelandic list.
PronunciationEdit
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Audio (file)
NounEdit
list c
- smartness, trick, cunning
- a strip (of wood or metal, a thin and long board), a border, a beading
- (graphical user interface) a bar
DeclensionEdit
Declension of list | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | list | listen | lister | listerna |
Genitive | lists | listens | listers | listernas |
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- list in Svenska Akademiens Ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)