Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrus.tɑz/

Noun

*rustaz m

1. rust

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *rustaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*rustaz	*rustōz, *rustōs
vocative	*rust	*rustōz, *rustōs
accusative	*rustą	*rustanz
genitive	*rustas, *rustis	*rustǫ̂
dative	*rustai	*rustamaz
instrumental	*rustō	*rustamiz

Derived terms

• *rustagaz

Related terms

• *raudaz
• *rudō
• *rusmô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *rust
  • Old English: rust, rūst
    • Middle English: rust, rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste
      • English: rust
      • Scots: roost, roust
  • Old Frisian: *rust, *rost
    • Saterland Frisian: rust
    • West Frisian: roast
  • Old Saxon: rost
    • Middle Low German: rost
      • German Low German: Rost
  • Old Dutch: *rost, *rōst
    • Middle Dutch: rost, roest
      • Dutch: roest
  • Old High German: rost
    • Middle High German: rost
      • German: Rost
      • Luxembourgish: Rascht (etymology 1)
• Old Norse: *rustr (possibly borrowed)
  • Norwegian: rust, ryst (dialectal)
  • Swedish: rost
  • Danish: rust
• Gothic: *𐍂𐌿𐍃- (*rus-) (suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names)
• → Proto-Finnic: *roostëk (see there for further descendants)