Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skertaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsker.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

Probably originally *skerdaną, from Pre-Germanic *skerdʰ-, with the final consonant influenced by the iterative. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”); see the derivative *skurtaz (“short”).^[1]

Verb

*skertaną

to cut off

Inflection

Conjugation of *skertaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skertō	*skertaų	—	*skertai	?
2nd singular	*skirtizi	*skertaiz	*skert	*skertazai	*skertaizau
3rd singular	*skirtidi	*skertai	*skertadau	*skertadai	*skertaidau
1st dual	*skertōz	*skertaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skertadiz	*skertaidiz	*skertadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skertamaz	*skertaim	—	*skertandai	*skertaindau
2nd plural	*skirtid	*skertaid	*skirtid	*skertandai	*skertaindau
3rd plural	*skertandi	*skertain	*skertandau	*skertandai	*skertaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skart	*skurtį̄
2nd singular	*skarst	*skurtīz
3rd singular	*skart	*skurtī
1st dual	*skurtū	*skurtīw
2nd dual	*skurtudiz	*skurtīdiz
1st plural	*skurtum	*skurtīm
2nd plural	*skurtud	*skurtīd
3rd plural	*skurtun	*skurtīn

	present	past
participles	*skertandz	*skurtanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*skardaz

Descendants

Dutch: scharten (dialectal)
Old High German: *skerzan
- Middle High German: scherzen

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing”).

Verb

*skertaną

to leap, jump, spring
to jest, joke

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Old English: *sċiertan, *sċyrtan
- Middle English: schurten, schurtten (“to amuse or enjoy oneself”)
Old High German: *skërzan
- Middle High German: schërzen
  - Cimbrian: schèrtzan
  - German: scherzen
- → Italian: scherzare

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “938-47”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 938-47

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “938-47”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 938-47

[1]