Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swērāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From both *swēraz (“heavy”) +‎ *-āną (“stative-fientive suffix”) and *swēraz (“heavy”) +‎ *-āną (“factitive suffix”).

Verb

*swērāną

1. to be or become heavy
2. to honour

Inflection

Conjugation of *swērāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swērō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*swēraisi	?	*swērai	*swērāsai	?
3rd singular	*swēraiþi	?	*swērāþau	*swērāþai	?
1st dual	*swērōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swērāþiz	?	*swērāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*swērāmaz	?	—	*swērānþai	?
2nd plural	*swēraiþ	?	*swēraiþ	*swērānþai	?
3rd plural	*swērānþi	?	*swērānþau	*swērānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swēradǭ	*swēradēdį̄
2nd singular	*swēradēz	*swēradēdīz
3rd singular	*swēradē	*swēradēdī
1st dual	*swēradēdū	*swēradēdīw
2nd dual	*swēradēdudiz	*swēradēdīdiz
1st plural	*swēradēdum	*swēradēdīm
2nd plural	*swēradēdud	*swēradēdīd
3rd plural	*swēradēdun	*swēradēdīn
	present	past
participles	*swērāndz	*swēradaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swārēn
  • Old Frisian: swēria
    • West Frisian: swierje
  • Old Saxon: *swāron
    • Middle Low German: swāren
  • Old Dutch: *swāron
    • Middle Dutch: swâren (merged with the descendant of *swārijan)
      • Dutch: zwaren (archaic)
  • Old High German: swārēn
    • Middle High German: swāren
    • ⇒ Old High German: anairswārēn
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swērān)