Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *triwwiz (“true, faithful”) +‎ *-janą and *trewwō (“fidelity, pledge”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtriw.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*triwwijaną

1. (transitive) to make faithful
2. (transitive) to ally, form a relation with
3. (transitive) to trust, have faith in

Inflection

Conjugation of *triwwijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*triwwijō	*triwwijaų	—	*triwwijai	?
2nd singular	*triwwīsi	*triwwijais	*triwwī	*triwwijasai	*triwwijaisau
3rd singular	*triwwīþi	*triwwijai	*triwwijaþau	*triwwijaþai	*triwwijaiþau
1st dual	*triwwijōs	*triwwijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*triwwijaþiz	*triwwijaiþiz	*triwwijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*triwwijamaz	*triwwijaim	—	*triwwijanþai	*triwwijainþau
2nd plural	*triwwīþ	*triwwijaiþ	*triwwīþ	*triwwijanþai	*triwwijainþau
3rd plural	*triwwijanþi	*triwwijain	*triwwijanþau	*triwwijanþai	*triwwijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*triwwidǭ	*triwwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*triwwidēz	*triwwidēdīz
3rd singular	*triwwidē	*triwwidēdī
1st dual	*triwwidēdū	*triwwidēdīw
2nd dual	*triwwidēdudiz	*triwwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*triwwidēdum	*triwwidēdīm
2nd plural	*triwwidēdud	*triwwidēdīd
3rd plural	*triwwidēdun	*triwwidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*triwwijandz	*triwwidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *triuwijan
  • Old English: trēowan, trīewan, trȳwan
    • Middle English: trewen, trowen (partially)
      • English: trow
      • Scots: trew, trow
  • Old Frisian: triūwa, trōwa, trouwa
    • Saterland Frisian: trjoue
    • West Frisian: trouwe, trouje
  • Old Dutch: *triuwen
    • Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen
      • Dutch: trouwen
  • Old Saxon: triuwian
    • Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen
  • Old High German: *triuwen
    • Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen
      • German: trauen
    • ⇒ Old High German: gitriuwen
• Old Norse: tryggja, tryggva
  • Icelandic: tryggja
  • Faroese: tryggja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tryggja
  • Medelpadian: trö
  • Swedish: trygga
  • Danish: trygge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: trygge