Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/und

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *h₂n̥tó, original allative to *h₂énts, *h₂ent- (“front”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /und/

Preposition

*und

1. (+accusative) until, unto, up to

Related terms

• *andi
• *umbi
• *unþa-

Descendants

• Old English: *und, *un; *un-
  • Middle English: un- (in until, unto)
    • English: until, unto
• Old Frisian: und
  • North Frisian: ond
• Old Saxon: und, unt; untat, unthat, untthat, antthat
• Old Dutch: unt, untes
• Old High German: unz
  • Middle High German: unz
    • German: unz
• Old Norse: unz (< *und es)
  • Icelandic: uns
• Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳 (und)

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN