Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werzaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to haul, drag, grind, hone, whet, polish”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwer.zɑ.nã/

Verb

*werzaną

to cause confusion, disarray

Inflection

Conjugation of *werzaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*werzō	*werzaų	—	*werzai	?
2nd singular	*wirzizi	*werzaiz	*werz	*werzazai	*werzaizau
3rd singular	*wirzidi	*werzai	*werzadau	*werzadai	*werzaidau
1st dual	*werzōz	*werzaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*werzadiz	*werzaidiz	*werzadiz	—	—
1st plural	*werzamaz	*werzaim	—	*werzandai	*werzaindau
2nd plural	*wirzid	*werzaid	*wirzid	*werzandai	*werzaindau
3rd plural	*werzandi	*werzain	*werzandau	*werzandai	*werzaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*warz	*wurzį̄
2nd singular	*warzt	*wurzīz
3rd singular	*warz	*wurzī
1st dual	*wurzū	*wurzīw
2nd dual	*wurzudiz	*wurzīdiz
1st plural	*wurzum	*wurzīm
2nd plural	*wurzud	*wurzīd
3rd plural	*wurzun	*wurzīn

	present	past
participles	*werzandz	*wurzanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *werran
- Old Saxon: werran
  - Middle Low German: werren
- Old Dutch: *werran
  - Middle Dutch: werren, warren
    - Dutch: warren
- Old High German: werran
  - Middle High German: wërren
    - German: wirren; verwirren
      - → Swedish: virra; förvirra
- → Old French: guerrier, guerrer
  - → Middle English: werren
    - English: war (verb)
  - Middle French: guerrer