Wiktionary

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh₂-

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Root edit

*kelh₂-[1]

  1. to beat
    Synonyms: *bʰew-, *dʰen-, *kewh₂-, *kret-, *meldʰ-, *pleh₂k-, *(s)kep-
  2. to break
    Synonyms: *bʰeg-, *bʰreg-, *Hrewp-, *lem-, *lewǵ-

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelh₂-‎ (7 c, 0 e)
  • *kl̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *kl̥-n-h₂-énti (athematic nasal infix present)
    • Proto-Italic: *kelnō
  • *kleh₂-w-eh₂
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kálˀtei (see there for further descendants)
Extensions edit
  • *kelh₂-d(H)-[note 1]
    • ⇒ *kl̥h₂d-é-ti
      • Proto-Celtic: *kladeti[3] (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *koldom (“destruction”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *kol(h₂)d-éye-ti (factitive)
      • Proto-Germanic: *haltijaną (“to make lame”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *kol(h₂)d-o-s (adjective)
      • Proto-Germanic: *haltaz (“lame, limp”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? *kól(h₂)d ~ *kl̥d-és n (root noun)[4] (with laryngeal deletion?)
      • Proto-Germanic: *hultą (“wood, grove”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *klə́dos
        • Ancient Greek: κλᾰ́δος (kládos, “branch, shoot”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? *kol(h₂)d-éh₂
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kálˀdāˀ
        • Proto-Slavic: *kolda (“log, block (of wood)”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *kl̥h₂-d-eh₁-s
      • >? Proto-Italic: *klādēs (or from *kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-s[5])
        • Latin: clādēs (“breaking, destruction”)
  • ⇒? *kel(h₂)-g(H)-
Notes edit
  1. ^ Some descendants may alternatively be from a separate root *keld-, as they lack evidence of the laryngeal presupposed from *kelh₂-. However the laryngeal may have been regularly deleted in some formations; cf. the proposed "Saussure effect" *-oRHC- > *-oRC-.

References edit

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kelh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 350
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-cellō, -ere 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105
  3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 205-206
  4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hulta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 254
  5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clādēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117: “PIE *kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-”
  6. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 212–213
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