Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nu

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit

Alternative reconstructionsEdit

*nu(H)

AdverbEdit

*nu

now
well (as an interjection)
and

Derived termsEdit

*nū̆-nó-, *nū̆-nó-y
- Balto-Slavic: *nūnói, *nunói^[1]^[2]
  - Lithuanian: nū̃n (“now, today”), nūnaĩ (“now, today, nowadays”)
  - Slavic: *nyně, *nъně
    - East Slavic:
      - Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)
    - South Slavic:
      - Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Church Slavonic: нънѣ (nŭně), нънꙗ (nŭnja)
        
        Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏⱀⱑ (nŭně)
    - West Slavic:
      - Old Czech: nenie
        Czech: nyní
      - Old Polish: nynie
        Polish: ninie
- Indo-Iranian: *nūnám
  - Indo-Aryan: *nūnám
    - Sanskrit: नूनम् (nūnám)
  - Iranian: *nūrám
    - Avestan: 𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬇𐬨‎ (nūrə̄m), 𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (nūrəm), 𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬄𐬨‎ (nūrąm)
    - Old Persian: [script needed] (nūram)
      - Middle Persian: [script needed] (nūn)
- Italic: *num^[3]
  - Latin: num (“now”), nunc (< *num + -ce)

DescendantsEdit

Albanian: *nu^[4]
- Albanian: nu (“when”), ni (“now”)
Anatolian: *nu^[5]
- Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)
- Luwian:
  Cuneiform: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)
  
  Anatolian Hieroglyphs: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (awa-); [script needed] (unu), [script needed] (unun)}
- Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)
Balto-Slavic: *nu^[6]
- Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)
- Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)
- Slavic: *nъ
  - East Slavic:
    - Russian: но (no), ну (nu)
    - Ukrainian: но (no)
  - South Slavic:
    - Bulgarian: нъ (n)
    - Macedonian: но (no)
    - Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)
      
      Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)
    - Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ну
      
      Latin: nu
Celtic: *nu^[7]
- Brythonic: [Term?]
  - Middle Welsh: nu
- Gaulish: nu
- Old Irish: nu, no-
Germanic: *nu (“now”)^[8] (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: *nu, *nū
- Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)
Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́
- Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́
  - Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)
- Iranian: *nū́
  - Avestan: 𐬥𐬏‎ (nū, “now”)
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā), noke (nōka, “now”)
    
    Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە‎ (hanūka, “now”)
  - Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)
Italic: *nū^[3]
- Latin: nūper

ReferencesEdit

^ Derksen, Rick (2015) , “nūn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 338
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*nyně, *nъně”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) , “num”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “nu”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 301
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) , “nu”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 702-703
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) , “nъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “*nu”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 294-295
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) , “*nū”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015) , “nūn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 338

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*nyně, *nъně”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[DV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) , “num”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418

[4] Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “nu”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 301

[5] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) , “nu”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 702-703

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) , “nъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “*nu”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 294-295

[8] Kroonen, Guus (2013) , “*nū”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392

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