Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).

Noun

*gʰr̥dʰás m

1. enclosure
2. house

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʰr̥dʰás	*gʰr̥dʰā́	*gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative	*gʰr̥dʰa	*gʰr̥dʰā́	*gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative	*gʰr̥dʰám	*gʰr̥dʰā́	*gʰr̥dʰā́ns
instrumental	*gʰr̥dʰā́	*gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*gʰr̥dʰā́yš
ablative	*gʰr̥dʰā́t	*gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas
dative	*gʰr̥dʰā́y	*gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas
genitive	*gʰr̥dʰásya	*gʰr̥dʰáyās	*gʰr̥dʰā́na(H)m
locative	*gʰr̥dʰáy	*gʰr̥dʰáyaw	*gʰr̥dʰáyšu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás
  • Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)
    • Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: गेह (geha)
  • Sanskrit: *गृध (gṛdha, “fort”)
    • Prakrit: 𑀕𑀠 (gaḍha) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh
  • Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “daeva cave”)
  • Old Persian: *gr̥dah (“household slaves”)
    • Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /⁠gāl⁠/)

    • → Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu) (disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”))
      • → Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)
    • → Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)
  • Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)
  • → Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”) (or inherited from Indo-European)
  • → Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (“home”) (from an uncertain early Iranian language) (see there for further descendants)