Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ǰámaHnaH
Proto-Iranian
editAlternative reconstructions
editEtymology
editNominalization of *ǰámaHnah (“arriving quickly, timely, prompt”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰámaHnas, from *Háǰant (“to come, arrive”, athematic aorist, see *gʷémt) + *-aHnas (middle past participle suffix)[2]. Compare cognates Middle Persian [script needed] (hngʾm /hangām/, “time, occasion”), [script needed] (hngʾmyk' /hangāmīg/, “timely”), Sogdian [Syriac needed] (nɣʾm, “time, moment, hour”), Northern Kurdish gav (“time, moment”).
Noun
editInflection
editaH-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *ǰámaHnaH | *ǰámaHnay | *ǰámaHnāh |
vocative | *ǰámaHnay | *ǰámaHnay | *ǰámaHnāh |
accusative | *ǰámaHnām | *ǰámaHnay | *ǰámaHnāh |
instrumental | *ǰámaHnayaH | *ǰámaHnaHbyā | *ǰámaHnaHbiš |
ablative | *ǰámaHnayaHh | *ǰámaHnaHbyā | *ǰámaHnaHbyah |
dative | *ǰámaHnayaHy | *ǰámaHnaHbyā | *ǰámaHnaHbyah |
genitive | *ǰámaHnayaHh | *ǰámaHnāyāh | *ǰámaHnaHnām |
locative | *ǰámaHnayaH | *ǰámaHnāyaw | *ǰámaHnaHsu |
Descendants
edit- Northeastern Iranian:
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Bashkardi:
- Minabi: زمان (zamân)
- Old Persian: *jamānā
- Middle Persian: (/zamān/)
- Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫗𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ẕmʾn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (zmn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ODNA)
- Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠 (ODNA)
- Persian: زمان (zamân)
- → Armenian: զաման (zaman)
- → Azerbaijani: zaman
- → Bashkir: заман (zaman)
- → Gilaki: [script needed] (zəmån)
- → Kazakh: заман (zaman)
- → Kermanic:
- Qohrudi: zamān
- → Khalaj: zamân
- → Central Kurdish: زهمان (zeman)
- → Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)
- → Malay: زمان / zaman
- → Ossetian: за́ман (záman)
- → Pashto: زمانه (zamâna)
- → Ottoman Turkish: زمان (zaman)
- → Tatar: заман (zaman)
- → Waigali: zëmën
- → Akkadian: 𒋛𒈠𒉡 (si-ma-nu /simānu/)[6]
- → Imperial Aramaic: 𐡆𐡌𐡍𐡀 (zmnʾ)[7][8][9][10] (see there for further descendants)
- Middle Persian: (/zamān/)
- Bashkardi:
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*ǰamāna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 128
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 142
- ^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2000) Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan I. Legal and Economic Documents (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; VI), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 191: “*ǰamānā-”
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “zmn-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 461: “<*žaman(a); <*žamanu”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1974) “ɣ̌amōnd”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 38: “*ǰamāma-”
- ^ contra Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)[1], Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, pages 91–92, the chronology still allows this, and an isolated Old Babylonian discovery for otherwise late occurrence shapes an exception that proves the rule.
- ^ Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik[2] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 152
- ^ Růžička, Rudolf (1909) “Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen Sprachen”, in Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[3] (in German), volume VI, number 4, Leipzig · Baltimore: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung · The Johns Hopkins Press, pages 92–93
- ^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*jamāna-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)[4] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 142
- ^ Panaino, Antonio (2017) “The Origins of Middle Persian Zamān and Related Words: A Controversial Etymological History”, in Iran & the Caucasus[5], volume 21, number 2, Leiden: Brill, , pages 150–195
Categories:
- Proto-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-
- Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Proto-Iranian lemmas
- Proto-Iranian nouns
- Proto-Iranian feminine nouns
- Proto-Iranian aH-stem nouns