Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/táwxma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *táwkma, from Proto-Indo-European *tewk-.

Noun

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*táwxma n[1]

  1. seed
  2. kinship, family

Descendants

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  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥 n (taoxman, seed, germ, kinship)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (ttīma)
      • Wakhi: taɣ̌m
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian:
        Greek script: τοχμανο (toxmano /⁠tuxman⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic: *táo̯xmah[1]
        • Sogdian: (/toxmí, toxmḗ/)
          Buddhist: [script needed] (tγmy)
          Christian: [script needed] (ṯxmy), [script needed] (ṯwxmy)
          Sogdian script: 𐽂𐼲𐼺𐼷 (tɣmy)
        • Yagnobi: taxm (/⁠táx⁽ⁱ⁾m⁠/), tuxm (/⁠túx⁽ᵘ⁾m⁠/)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
  • Northwestern Iranian:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Larestani: [script needed] (toxm), [script needed] (tox)
    • Old Persian: 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠 f (t-u-m-a /⁠tauʰmā⁠/, family)
      • Middle Persian: (/tōhm/, "seed; family")
        Manichaean script: 𐫤𐫇𐫍𐫖 (twhm), 𐫎𐫇𐫍𐫖 (ṯwhm)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (twm)
        • Middle Persian: ("family")
          Manichaean script: 𐫎𐫇𐫍𐫖𐫃𐫀𐫗 pl (ṯwhmgʾn /⁠tōhmagān⁠/)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (twhmk /⁠tōhmag⁠/)
        • Gabri: [Term?] (tūm)
        • Old Armenian: տոհմ (tohm, tribe, kin, clan)
        • Old Georgian: ტოჰმი (ṭohmi), ტომი (ṭomi)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 180