Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ědъkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *ědъ (“poison”) +‎ *-ъkъ. Further origin disputed between:

• < Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”) if originally referring to “biting, rodent”. Such a meaning is attested in Lithuanian ėdùs, ėdantis.
• < Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite, to burn”) if originally conveying “burning, caustic”.

Adjective

*ědъkъ

1. acrid, caustic, corrosive (for substance)
2. pungent, tart, bitter (for taste)
3. (figurative) sarcastic, spiteful (for behaviour, words)

Declension

Indefinite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkъ	*ědъka	*ědъko
genitive	*ědъka	*ědъky	*ědъka
dative	*ědъku	*ědъkě	*ědъku
accusative	*ědъkъ	*ědъkǫ	*ědъko
instrumental	*ědъkomь	*ědъkojǫ	*ědъkomь
locative	*ědъkě	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
vocative	*ědъke	*ědъko	*ědъko
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъka	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
genitive	*ědъku	*ědъku	*ědъku
dative	*ědъkoma	*ědъkama	*ědъkoma
accusative	*ědъka	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
instrumental	*ědъkoma	*ědъkama	*ědъkoma
locative	*ědъku	*ědъku	*ědъku
vocative	*ědъka	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъki	*ědъky	*ědъka
genitive	*ědъkъ	*ědъkъ	*ědъkъ
dative	*ědъkomъ	*ědъkamъ	*ědъkomъ
accusative	*ědъky	*ědъky	*ědъka
instrumental	*ědъky	*ědъkami	*ědъky
locative	*ědъkěxъ	*ědъkaxъ	*ědъkěxъ
vocative	*ědъki	*ědъky	*ědъka

Definite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkъjь	*ědъkaja	*ědъkoje
genitive	*ědъkajego	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkajego
dative	*ědъkujemu	*ědъkěji	*ědъkujemu
accusative	*ědъkъjь	*ědъkǫjǫ	*ědъkoje
instrumental	*ědъkyjimь	*ědъkǫjǫ	*ědъkyjimь
locative	*ědъkějemь	*ědъkěji	*ědъkějemь
vocative	*ědъkъjь	*ědъkaja	*ědъkoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkaja	*ědъkěji	*ědъkěji
genitive	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju
dative	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima
accusative	*ědъkaja	*ědъkěji	*ědъkěji
instrumental	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima
locative	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju
vocative	*ědъkaja	*ědъkěji	*ědъkěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkiji	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkaja
genitive	*ědъkъjixъ	*ědъkъjixъ	*ědъkъjixъ
dative	*ědъkyjimъ	*ědъkyjimъ	*ědъkyjimъ
accusative	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkaja
instrumental	*ědъkyjimi	*ědъkyjimi	*ědъkyjimi
locative	*ědъkyjixъ	*ědъkyjixъ	*ědъkyjixъ
vocative	*ědъkiji	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkaja

Related terms

• *ědьnъ, *ědьlivъ (“mordent, scathing”)
• *ědovitъ (“irate, angry”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: е́дкий (jédkij)
  • Ukrainian: їдки́й (jidkýj)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: је̏дак, ји́дак, ијѐдак

    Latin script: jȅdak, jídak, ijèdak

  • Slovene: jẹ́dǝk (tonal orthography)
    • ⇒ Slovene: jẹ̑dkati (“to erode”)
• West Slavic:
  • Slovak: jedký

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 47
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “jedek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
• “ėdus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

Etymology 2

From *ěsti (“to eat”) +‎ *-ъkъ, cognate with Lithuanian ėdrùs (“edacious”). Trubačev (ESSJa) treats this sense as a variation of Etymology 1.

Adjective

*ědъkъ

1. esculent, edible

Declension

Indefinite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkъ	*ědъka	*ědъko
genitive	*ědъka	*ědъky	*ědъka
dative	*ědъku	*ědъkě	*ědъku
accusative	*ědъkъ	*ědъkǫ	*ědъko
instrumental	*ědъkomь	*ědъkojǫ	*ědъkomь
locative	*ědъkě	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
vocative	*ědъke	*ědъko	*ědъko
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъka	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
genitive	*ědъku	*ědъku	*ědъku
dative	*ědъkoma	*ědъkama	*ědъkoma
accusative	*ědъka	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
instrumental	*ědъkoma	*ědъkama	*ědъkoma
locative	*ědъku	*ědъku	*ědъku
vocative	*ědъka	*ědъkě	*ědъkě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъki	*ědъky	*ědъka
genitive	*ědъkъ	*ědъkъ	*ědъkъ
dative	*ědъkomъ	*ědъkamъ	*ědъkomъ
accusative	*ědъky	*ědъky	*ědъka
instrumental	*ědъky	*ědъkami	*ědъky
locative	*ědъkěxъ	*ědъkaxъ	*ědъkěxъ
vocative	*ědъki	*ědъky	*ědъka

Definite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkъjь	*ědъkaja	*ědъkoje
genitive	*ědъkajego	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkajego
dative	*ědъkujemu	*ědъkěji	*ědъkujemu
accusative	*ědъkъjь	*ědъkǫjǫ	*ědъkoje
instrumental	*ědъkyjimь	*ědъkǫjǫ	*ědъkyjimь
locative	*ědъkějemь	*ědъkěji	*ědъkějemь
vocative	*ědъkъjь	*ědъkaja	*ědъkoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkaja	*ědъkěji	*ědъkěji
genitive	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju
dative	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima
accusative	*ědъkaja	*ědъkěji	*ědъkěji
instrumental	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima	*ědъkyjima
locative	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju	*ědъkuju
vocative	*ědъkaja	*ědъkěji	*ědъkěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ědъkiji	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkaja
genitive	*ědъkъjixъ	*ědъkъjixъ	*ědъkъjixъ
dative	*ědъkyjimъ	*ědъkyjimъ	*ědъkyjimъ
accusative	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkaja
instrumental	*ědъkyjimi	*ědъkyjimi	*ědъkyjimi
locative	*ědъkyjixъ	*ědъkyjixъ	*ědъkyjixъ
vocative	*ědъkiji	*ědъkyję̇	*ědъkaja

Related terms

• *ědivъ (“tasty”), *ědomъ (“suitable to eat”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: е́дкі (jédki), ядкі́ (jadkí)
  • Russian: едко́й (jedkój) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ядък (jadǎk) (rare)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: я́дка (jádka, “nut (of fruit)”)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: jedký
  • Polish: jedki (“tasty”) (dialectal)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 47