Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *barús, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor- (“coniferous forest”). Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *barwaz.

Noun

*bȍrъ m

1. pine tree

Inflection

Declension of *bȍrъ (u-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*bȍrъ	*bȍry	*bȍrove
Accusative	*bȍrъ	*bȍry	*bȍry
Genitive	*bȍru	*borovù	*boròvъ
Locative	*ború	*borovù	*bȍrъxъ
Dative	*bȍrovi	*borъmà	*bȍrъmъ
Instrumental	*bȍrъmь	*borъmà	*borъmì
Vocative	*boru	*bȍry	*bȍrove

Derived terms

• *borovъ (“made, composed of pines”)
• *borьje (“pine forest”)
• *borovina (“bilberry”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: боръ (borŭ)
    • Old Belarusian: боръ (bor)
      • Belarusian: бор (bor)
    • Russian: бор (bor)
    • Old Ukrainian: боръ (bor), буръ (bur)
      • Ukrainian: бір (bir)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: бор (bor)
  • Macedonian: бор (bor)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: бо̑р

    Latin: bȏr

  • Slovene: bȯ̑r (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: bor
    • Czech: bor
  • Polish: bór
  • Slovak: bor
  • Slovincian: bȯ́r
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: bór
    • Upper Sorbian: bór

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*borъ I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 216
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бор”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

From the O-grade ablaut of *bьrati (“to pick up, to collect”), a descendant Proto-Balto-Slavic *bírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, to collect”). The etymon on its own is attested only sporadically, however, its derivatives are widespread.

Noun

*borъ m

1. set, assembly

   Synonym: *brojь, *mъnogъ

2. loot

   Synonym: *koristь

Inflection

Declension of *borъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*borъ	*bora	*bori
Accusative	*borъ	*bora	*bory
Genitive	*bora	*boru	*borъ
Locative	*borě	*boru	*borěxъ
Dative	*boru	*boroma	*boromъ
Instrumental	*borъmь, *boromь*	*boroma	*bory
Vocative	*bore	*bora	*bori

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *sъborъ (“collection, assembly, word”)
  • *sъborьnъ (“composite, compound”)
• *otъborъ (“team, party”)
• *oborъ (“barn”)
• *naborъ (“class, composition”)
• *jьzborъ (“choice, election”)
• *podъborъ (“selection”)
• *orzborъ (“analysis, distribution”)
• *priborъ (“utensil”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: боръ (borŭ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: бор (bor) (archaic)
  • Serbo-Croatian: бор (archaic)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*borъ II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 218