Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dumati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Origin disputed, theory of Germanic borrowing is not confirmed and heavily contested. Either from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”) or a loan from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”), or derived from *duma, nonetheless from Germanic. The exact donor language cannot be ascertained.

Verb

*dumati impf

to think

Conjugation

Conjugation of *dumati, *duma, *dumajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dumanьje	*dumati	*dumatъ	*dumalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dumanъ	*dumajemъ
Active	*dumavъ	*dumaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dumaxъ	*duma	*duma	*dumajǫ	*dumaješi	*dumajetь
Dual	*dumaxově	*dumasta	*dumaste	*dumajevě	*dumajeta	*dumajete
Plural	*dumaxomъ	*dumaste	*dumašę	*dumajemъ	*dumajete	*dumajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dumaaxъ	*dumaaše	*dumaaše	—	*dumaji	*dumaji
Dual	*dumaaxově	*dumaašeta	*dumaašete	*dumajivě	*dumajita	—
Plural	*dumaaxomъ	*dumaašete	*dumaaxǫ	*dumajimъ	*dumajite	—

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: думати (dumati)
  - Belarusian: ду́маць (dúmacʹ)
  - Russian: ду́мать (dúmatʹ)
  - Ukrainian: ду́мати (dúmaty)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ду́мам (dúmam, “I say”)
- Macedonian: дума (duma) (archaic)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ду̏мати (“to think, to dream (of)”)
  
  Latin script: dȕmati (“to think, to dream (of)”)
West Slavic:
- Czech: dumat (“to muse”)
- Polish: dumać (“to muse, to ponder”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Latvian: domāt (“to think, to suppose”)

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “думать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff (2013), The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, 82.