Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъnati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúntei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.

Verb

*gъnàti impf

1. to chase, to persecute

Conjugation

Conjugation of *gъnati, *gъna, *ženetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gъnanьje	*gъnati	*gъnatъ	*gъnalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gъnanъ	*ženomъ
Active	*gъnavъ	*ženy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъnaxъ	*gъna	*gъna	*ženǫ	*ženeši	*ženetь
Dual	*gъnaxově	*gъnasta	*gъnaste	*ženevě	*ženeta	*ženete
Plural	*gъnaxomъ	*gъnaste	*gъnašę	*ženemъ	*ženete	*ženǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъnaaxъ	*gъnaaše	*gъnaaše	—	*ženi	*ženi
Dual	*gъnaaxově	*gъnaašeta	*gъnaašete	*ženěvě	*ženěta	—
Plural	*gъnaaxomъ	*gъnaašete	*gъnaaxǫ	*ženěmъ	*ženěte	—

Conjugation of *gъnati, *gъna, *ženetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gъnanьje	*gъnati	*gъnatъ	*gъnalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gъnanъ	*ženomъ
Active	*gъnavъ	*ženy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъnaxъ	*gъna	*gъna	*ženǫ	*ženeši	*ženetь
Dual	*gъnaxově	*gъnasta	*gъnaste	*ženevě	*ženeta	*ženete
Plural	*gъnaxomъ	*gъnaste	*gъnašę	*ženemъ	*ženete	*ženǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъnaaxъ	*gъnaaše	*gъnaaše	—	*ženi	*ženi
Dual	*gъnaaxově	*gъnaašeta	*gъnaašete	*ženěvě	*ženěta	—
Plural	*gъnaaxomъ	*gъnaašete	*gъnaaxǫ	*ženěmъ	*ženěte	—

Related terms

• *gonìti (“to chase, to persecute”)
• *gonъ (“chase, hunt, pursuit”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гънати (gŭnati)
    • Belarusian: гнаць (hnacʹ), 1sg. pres. ганю́ (hanjú)
    • Russian: гнать (gnatʹ), 1sg. pres. гоню́ (gonjú)
    • Ukrainian: гна́ти (hnáty), 1sg. pres. жену́ (ženú)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic: гънати (gŭnati) (Russian)
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: гънати (gŭnati)

    Glagolitic script: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гна̏ти

    Latin script: gnȁti

  • Slovene: gnáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. pres. žénem
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hnáti
    • Czech: hnát, 1sg. pres. ženu
  • Kashubian: gnac
  • Polabian: zinĕ
  • Old Polish: gnać
    • Polish: gnać, 1sg. pres. gnam
  • Slovak: hnať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hnać
    • Lower Sorbian: gnaś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 194
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъnati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 196
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “гнать”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa