Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

Substantivized neuter^[1] of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kártas (“localized, concise”) (attested in adjectival form as a part of compounds), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”) and further related to Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakər^ət̰, “once”).

Noun edit

*kõrtъ m^[2]^[3]^[4]

moment of time, occurence
Synonym: *razъ
(as a part of adverbs) instance
*kratě ― once

*dъva, tri kraty ― twice, thrice

*mъnogo kraty ― multiple times

Declension edit

Declension of *kõrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kõrtъ	*kōrtà	*kōrtì
genitive	*kōrtà	*kōrtù	*kõrtъ
dative	*kōrtù	*kōrtòma	*kōrtòmъ
accusative	*kõrtъ	*kōrtà	*kōrtỳ
instrumental	kōrtъ̀mь, kōrtòmь^*	*kōrtòma	*kõrty
locative	*kōrtě̀	*kōrtù	*kõrtěxъ
vocative	*korte	*kōrtà	*kōrtì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms edit

*kortьnъ (“discrete”)
*edьnokortьnъ (“one-time”)

Related terms edit

*kortiti (“to cut short”)
- *kortežь (“shortage”)
*kortostь (“brevity”)
*kortъkъ (“short, brief”)

Descendants edit

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
  - → Russian: крат (krat)
- Bulgarian: крат (krat, “unit of measure”) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: -крат
  
  Latin script: -krat
- Slovene: kràt (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: krát
- Polish: -kroć
- Slovak: krát
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: -krot
  - Upper Sorbian: -kroć

References edit

^ Gender shift due to Illič-Svityč's law.
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kortъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 236: “m. o (b) ‘once, time’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kortъ korta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b time, occurrence (NA 122; SA 21)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “krat”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kortъ̏”

[1] Gender shift due to Illič-Svityč's law.

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kortъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 236: “m. o (b) ‘once, time’”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “kortъ korta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b time, occurrence (NA 122; SA 21)”

[4] Snoj, Marko (2016) “krat”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kortъ̏”

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