Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/obačiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*bačiti^[1]

Etymology

Uncertain. The form without the initial *o- arose from the re-decomposition of *ob-ačiti > *obačiti > *o-bačiti > *bačiti, where the first part was perceived as the Slavic suffix *o(b)-.

Borrowed from Eastern Iranian languages, probably from Scythian *abi-āšaya- (as is Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)), further from Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”) (compare Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”), 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬭 (aⁱβiiāxštar, “observer”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-), [script needed] (ʾβyxy-, “to learn from, apprehend, retain”), Yagnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”))^[2]^[3], from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”) + *Hákši (“eye”) + Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.^[4]^[5]
Traditionally derived from *o(b)- +‎ **ačiti, where the root is presumably derived from *ȍko (“eye”), *ȍči du +‎ *-iti.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Controversial due to lack of evidence for **ačiti and unclear long vowel in the first syllable *o- > *ō- > *a-, which is not in Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”) < Proto-Slavic *obočiti.^[12]^[5]^[4]

Other etymologies are unconvincing:

The assumption of borrowing from Proto-Turkic *bạk- (“to look; to watch”)^[11] (compare Turkish bakmak, Crimean Tatar baqmaq) is rejected.^[7]^[8]^[10]
Doubtful from **ba-k-iti, which is supposedly derived from the interjection *ba! (“wow, really”) + *-k- extension +‎ *-iti.^[10]^[11]^[9]
From the hypothetical **ba-kъ (“watchman, overseer, guardian”), which ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”), as in *bàjati (“to tell”).^[1]^[11]

Verb

*obačiti^[4]^[5]^[9]

(West Slavic) to see, to notice, to watch

Inflection

Conjugation of *obačiti, *obači, *obačitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*obačenьje	*obačiti	*obačitъ	*obačilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*obačenъ	*obačimъ
Active	*obačь	*obačę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*obačixъ	*obači	*obači	*obačǫ	*obačiši	*obačitь
Dual	*obačixově	*obačista	*obačiste	*obačivě	*obačita	*obačite
Plural	*obačixomъ	*obačiste	*obačišę	*obačimъ	*obačite	*obačętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*obačaaxъ	*obačaaše	*obačaaše	—	*obači	*obači
Dual	*obačaaxově	*obačaašeta	*obačaašete	*obačivě	*obačita	—
Plural	*obačaaxomъ	*obačaašete	*obačaaxǫ	*obačimъ	*obačite	—

(*)*obačivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

West Slavic:
- Old Polish: obaczyć
  - Masurian: ôbácÿcz
  - Polish: obaczyć
  - Silesian: ôbŏczyć
  - → Old Ruthenian: оба́чити (obáčiti), оба́чыти (obáčyti)
    - Belarusian: аба́чыць (abáčycʹ), оба́чыць (obáčycʹ) (dialectal)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: оба́чити (obáčyty)
    - Ukrainian: оба́чити (obáčyty)
    - → Middle Russian: оба́чить (obáčitʹ)
      - Russian: оба́чить (obáčitʹ) (dialectal)
  - →? Old Slovak: *obačiť
    - Pannonian Rusyn: обачиц (obačic)
    - Slovak: obačiť (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Old Polish: baczyć
    - Masurian: bácÿcz
    - Polish: baczyć
    - Silesian: bŏczyć
    - → Old Ruthenian: ба́чити (báčiti), ба́чыти (báčyti)
      - Belarusian: ба́чыць (báčycʹ)
      - Carpathian Rusyn: ба́чити (báčyty)
      - Ukrainian: ба́чити (báčyty)
      - → Lithuanian: bõčyti
      - → Middle Russian: ба́чить (báčitʹ)
        Russian: ба́чить (báčitʹ) (archaic)
    - →? Old Slovak: *báčiť
      - Pannonian Rusyn: бачиц (bačic)
        →? Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: ба́чити
        Latin script: báčiti
      - Slovak: báčiť, bačic (dialectal)
    - →? Czech: báčiť (dialectal)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bačiti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 174
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*axš-, *aš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 282
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Haxš²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*obačiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 91
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Anikin, A. E. (2008) “ба́чить”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 2 (ба – бдынъ), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 303
^ Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1910–1914) “ба́чить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – О), numbers 1–9, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 20
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Vasmer, Max (1964) “ба́чить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, page 138
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Shansky, N. M. (1965) “ба́чить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 2 (Б), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 61
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1978), “ба́чыць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 1 (А – бячэ́йка), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 337
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1972) “ба́чити”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 90
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “ба́чити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 154
^ Franz Miklosich (1862–1865) “обочити”, in Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-Graeco-Latinum emendatum auctum, Vienna: Guilelmus Braumueller, page 472

[SP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bačiti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 174

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*axš-, *aš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 282

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Haxš²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171

[ESSJa-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*obačiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 91

[Anikin-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Anikin, A. E. (2008) “ба́чить”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 2 (ба – бдынъ), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 303

[Preobrazhensky-6] Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1910–1914) “ба́чить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – О), numbers 1–9, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 20

[Vasmer-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Vasmer, Max (1964) “ба́чить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, page 138

[ESRJa-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Shansky, N. M. (1965) “ба́чить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 2 (Б), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 61

[ESBM-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1978), “ба́чыць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 1 (А – бячэ́йка), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 337

[EDUL-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1972) “ба́чити”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 90

[ESUM-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “ба́чити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 154

[12] Franz Miklosich (1862–1865) “обочити”, in Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-Graeco-Latinum emendatum auctum, Vienna: Guilelmus Braumueller, page 472

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