Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Iterative counter-part of *puxati (“to blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pews- (“to puff”). The -x- is due to RUKI law. Cognate with Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”) and akin to Ancient Greek φῡσᾰ́ω (phūsáō, “to blow, to swell”), Lithuanian puškuoti (“to puff”), Latvian pūst (“to blow, to whiff”).

Verb

*pyxati impf (perfective *pyxnǫti)

1. to breath heavily
2. to groan, to puff

Inflection

Conjugation of *pyxati, *pyxa, *pyšetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pyxanьje	*pyxati	*pyxatъ	*pyxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pyxanъ	*pyšemъ
Active	*pyxavъ	*pyšę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pyxaxъ	*pyxa	*pyxa	*pyšǫ	*pyšeši	*pyšetь
Dual	*pyxaxově	*pyxasta	*pyxaste	*pyševě	*pyšeta	*pyšete
Plural	*pyxaxomъ	*pyxaste	*pyxašę	*pyšemъ	*pyšete	*pyšǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pyxaaxъ	*pyxaaše	*pyxaaše	—	*pyši	*pyši
Dual	*pyxaaxově	*pyxaašeta	*pyxaašete	*pyšivě	*pyšita	—
Plural	*pyxaaxomъ	*pyxaašete	*pyxaaxǫ	*pyšimъ	*pyšite	—

Reanalyzed in later times among some descendants as:

Conjugation of *pyxati, *pyxa, *pyxajetь (perf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pyxanьje	*pyxati	*pyxatъ	*pyxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pyxanъ	—
Active	*pyxavъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pyxaxъ	*pyxa	*pyxa	*pyxajǫ	*pyxaješi	*pyxajetь
Dual	*pyxaxově	*pyxasta	*pyxaste	*pyxajevě	*pyxajeta	*pyxajete
Plural	*pyxaxomъ	*pyxaste	*pyxašę	*pyxajemъ	*pyxajete	*pyxajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*pyxaji	*pyxaji
Dual	—	—	—	*pyxajivě	*pyxajita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*pyxajimъ	*pyxajite	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Related terms

• *pъxъtěti (“to puff”)
• *pъškati (“to groan”)
• *puxati (“to blow”)

Derived terms

• *sъpyxati (“to lose breath (for animals) / air (for objects, e.g. ball or baloon)”)
• *jьzpyxati (“to exhale air heavily”)
• *vъpyxati (“to inhale air heavily”)
• *zapyxati (“to get difficulty breathing”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: пы́хаць (pýxacʹ)
  • Russian: пы́хать (pýxatʹ), dial. пыха́ть (pyxátʹ)
  • Ukrainian: пи́хати (pýxaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: пи́хам (píham)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пихати

    Latin script: pihati

  • Slovene: píhati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: pýchati
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: pychaś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пыхать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пихам³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 268