Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/raziti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Continues Proto-Indo-European *wroh₁ǵéyeti or formed as *razъ (“stroke, unit of time, mark”) +‎ *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Often prefixed with various prepositions.

Verb

*razi̋ti or *ra̋ziti impf

1. to pound, to smite
2. to astound

Conjugation

Conjugation of *raziti, *razi, *razitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*raženьje	*raziti	*razitъ	*razilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*raženъ	*razimъ
Active	*ražь	*razę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*razixъ	*razi	*razi	*ražǫ	*raziši	*razitь
Dual	*razixově	*razista	*raziste	*razivě	*razita	*razite
Plural	*razixomъ	*raziste	*razišę	*razimъ	*razite	*razętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ražaaxъ	*ražaaše	*ražaaše	—	*razi	*razi
Dual	*ražaaxově	*ražaašeta	*ražaašete	*razivě	*razita	—
Plural	*ražaaxomъ	*ražaašete	*ražaaxǫ	*razimъ	*razite	—

Notes:
• (*)*razivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *razъ (“tact, dash, stroke”)
• *otъraziti (“to reflect, to bounce”)
• *poraziti (“to strike, to hit”)
• *jьzraziti (“to express”)
• *vъzraziti (“to object”)
• *orzraziti (“to smash, to spread (for threat, infection)”)
• *sъraziti (“to defeat”)
• *zaraziti (“to infect”)
• *obraziti (“to form”)
  • *vъnobraziti (“to imagine”)
  • *sъnobraziti (“to consider, to respect (an opinion, order)”)
  • *jьzobraziti (“to depict”)

Related terms

• *rězъ (“cut”)
  • *rězъka (diminutive)
• *rězati (“to cut”)
• *zaraza (“infection”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: разити (raziti)
    • Belarusian: разі́ць (razícʹ)
    • Russian: рази́ть (razítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: рази́ти (razýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: -разити (-raziti)
  • Bulgarian: -разя́ (-razjá)
  • Macedonian: -рази (-razi)
  • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: порáзити
    • Latin script: poráziti
  • Slovene: ráziti
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: razit
  • Polish: razić
  • Slovak: raziť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “разить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “възразявам, възразя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 204
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “поразявам, поразя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 528