Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sovati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śauˀ-. Cognate with Lithuanian šáuti (“to shoot, to shove”) (1sg. šáuju, šóviau), Latvian šaũt (“to shoot, to shove”) (1sg. šaũju, šaũnu, šãvu), East Latvian dialectal saũt (“to shoot, to shove”).

• Per Derksen, no clear cognates outside of Balto-Slavic.
• Per Vasmer, potentially cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skēwjan, “to wander, to walk”), as well as Old High German sciozzan (“to shoot”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to move, to push”), Old English sċēotan (“to shoot”), English shoot, Albanian heth (“to throw, to winnow (grain)”) (aorist hodha).
• Per Trubachev, cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šuu̯āi-, “to push, to move”), Sanskrit सुवति (suvati, “to set in motion”) (although this precludes any connection with the above Balto-Slavic and other cognates, and assumes underlying Proto-Indo-European *s- rather than *ḱ-).

Verb

*sovati impf

1. to shove

Inflection

Conjugation of *sovati, *sova, *sujetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sovanьje	*sovati	*sovatъ	*sovalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*sovanъ	*sujemъ
Active	*sovavъ	*suję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sovaxъ	*sova	*sova	*sujǫ	*suješi	*sujetь
Dual	*sovaxově	*sovasta	*sovaste	*sujevě	*sujeta	*sujete
Plural	*sovaxomъ	*sovaste	*sovašę	*sujemъ	*sujete	*sujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sovaaxъ	*sovaaše	*sovaaše	—	*suji	*suji
Dual	*sovaaxově	*sovaašeta	*sovaašete	*sujivě	*sujita	—
Plural	*sovaaxomъ	*sovaašete	*sovaaxǫ	*sujimъ	*sujite	—

Related terms

• *sunǫti (“to shove”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: совати (sovati, “to throw (a javelin)”)
    • Belarusian: со́ваць (sóvacʹ)
    • Russian: сова́ть (sovátʹ, “to shove, to thrust”)
    • Ukrainian: со́вати (sóvaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱁⰲⰰⱅⰻ (sovati)

    Old Cyrillic script: совати (sovati)

    • Bulgarian: со́вам (sóvam, “to thrust”) (dialectal)
  • Slovene: suváti (“to thrust, to knock”) (tonal orthography); súvati (“to thrust, to knock”); sováti (“to thrust, to knock”)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: sovati (“to shove”)
    • Czech: souvati (“to shove”) (obsolete except in prefixed verbs)
  • Polish: suwać (“to shove, to slide”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: suwać
    • Lower Sorbian: suwaś

References

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “сова́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 184
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sovati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 462
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сова́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress