Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the root of *topiti (“to plunge”) + *-nǫti

Verb

*topnǫti

1. to plunge, to dunk
   1. → to sink, to submerge (in liquid)
   2. → to drown

Inflection

Conjugation of *topnǫti, *topnǫ, *topnetь (?, -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*topnovenьje	*topnǫti	*topnǫtъ	*topnǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*topnovenъ	*topnomъ
Active	*topnǫvъ	*topny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*topnǫxъ	*topnǫ	*topnǫ	*topnǫ	*topneši	*topnetь
Dual	*topnǫxově	*topnǫsta	*topnǫste	*topnevě	*topneta	*topnete
Plural	*topnǫxomъ	*topnǫste	*topnǫšę	*topnemъ	*topnete	*topnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*topněaxъ	*topněaše	*topněaše	—	*topni	*topni
Dual	*topněaxově	*topněašeta	*topněašete	*topněvě	*topněta	—
Plural	*topněaxomъ	*topněašete	*topněaxǫ	*topněmъ	*topněte	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: тонути (tonuti)
    • Belarusian: тану́ць (tanúcʹ)
    • Russian: тону́ть (tonútʹ)
    • Ukrainian: тону́ти (tonúty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: тонѫти (tonǫti)

  • Bulgarian: тъ́на (tǎ́na)
  • Macedonian: тоне (tone)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: то̀нути

    Latin script: tònuti

  • Slovene: tóniti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: tonout
  • Kashubian: tonąc
  • Old Polish: tonąć
    • Polish: tonąć
    • Silesian: tōnōńć, tynōńć
  • Slovak: tоnúť
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: toniś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тону́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress