Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ukrajina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *ukràjь +‎ *-ina, from *u- +‎ *kràjь.

Noun

*ukràjina f

boundary, outskirts, borderland

Declension

Declension of *ukràjina (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ukràjina	*ukrajině	*ukrajiny
genitive	*ukrajiny	*ukrajinu	*ukrajinъ
dative	*ukrajině	*ukrajinama	*ukrajinamъ
accusative	*ukrajinǫ	*ukrajině	*ukrajiny
instrumental	ukrajinojǫ, ukrajinǫ^**	*ukrajinama	*ukrajinami
locative	*ukrajině	*ukrajinu	ukrajinasъ, ukrajinaxъ^*
vocative	*ukràjino	*ukrajině	*ukrajiny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: укра́ина (ukráina)
  - Old Ruthenian: укра́ина (ukráina), вкра́ина (vkráina)
    - Belarusian: ускра́іна (uskráina); укра́іна (ukráina) (dialectal)
    - Ukrainian: украї́на (ukrajína), укра́їна (ukrájina) (obsolete)
    - ⇒ Old Ruthenian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Вкраи́на (Vkraína)
      - Belarusian: Украі́на (Ukraína); Ўкраі́на (Ŭkraína) (after vowels)
      - Carpathian Rusyn: Украї́на (Ukrajína)
      - Ukrainian: Украї́на (Ukrajína); Вкраї́на (Vkrajína) (rare, poetic, after vowels)
  - ⇒ Russian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Укра́йна (Ukrájna) — dated, rare
    - → Ainu: ウㇰライナ
    - → Avar: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Bashkir: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Buryat: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Catalan: Ucraïna
    - → Chinese: 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
      - → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
    - → Chuvash: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → English: Ukraine, Ukrain, Ukrainia, Ukrania, Ucrania (all obsolete)
      - → Assamese: ইউক্ৰেইন (iukrein)
      - → Bengali: ইউক্রেন (iukren)
      - → Cherokee: ᏯᎧᏪᏂ (yakaweni), ᏳᎬᎳᎢᏅ (yugvlainv)
      - → Chinese: 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
        → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
      - → Dhivehi: ޔުކްރެއިން (yuk̊rein̊)
      - → Gujarati: યૂક્રેઇન (yūkreina)
      - → Hawaiian: ʻUkelena
      - → Hindi: यूक्रेन (yūkren)
      - → Kannada: ಯುಕ್ರೇನ್ (yukrēn)
      - → Malay: Ukraine
      - → Malayalam: യുക്രെയിൻ (yukreyiṉ)
      - → Maori: Ūkareinga
      - → Marathi: युक्रेन (yukren)
      - → Nepali: युक्रेन (yukrena)
      - → Odia: ୟୁକ୍ରେନ (yukrena)
      - → Punjabi: ਯੂਕ੍ਰੇਨ (yūkren)
      - → Samoan: 'Iukureini
      - → Sinhalese: යුක්රේන් (yukrēn)
      - → Telugu: ఉక్రెయిన్ (ukreyin)
      - → Thai: ยูเครน (yuu-kreen)
      - → Tigrinya: ዩክረይን (yukräyn)
      - → Tongan: ʻIukuleini
      - → Ukrainian: Юкре́йн (Jukréjn)
      - → Urdu: یُوکْرین (yūkren)
      - → Yoruba: Yukíréènì
    - → French: Ukraine
    - → Finnish: Ukraina
    - → Ingrian: Ukraina
    - → Kabardian: Украинэ (Wukrajinɛ)
    - → Karachay-Balkar: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Kazakh: Украинӕ
    - → Komi-Permyak: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Komi-Zyrian: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Korean: 우크라이나 (ukeuraina)
    - → Kyrgyz: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Mongolian:
      Cyrillic script: Украин (Ukrain), Украйн (Ukrajn), украин (ukrain), украйн (ukrajn)
      Mongolian script: ᠤᠻᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ (ukrayin), ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ (ükrayin)
    - → Ossetian: Украинӕ (Ukrainæ)
    - → Tatar: Украина (Uqraina)
    - → Tuvan: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Uyghur:
      Cyrillic script: Украина (Ukraina)
      Arabic script: ئۇكرائىنا (ukra'ina)
    - → Yakut: Украина (Ukraina)
    - → Vietnamese: U-crai-na
West Slavic:
- >? Polish: ukraina (dialectal)