Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xovati
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
editFrom an earlier *skovati, (per Berneker, Brückner) most likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”) via semantic shift to observe → to overwatch, guard → to take care. Similar development as in Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”) > Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”), dial. Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and related to Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”). Without initial s-: Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”), Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”), Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”).
Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) with semantic development to cover → to hide, to shield → to take care of.
Verb
edit*xovati impf (perfective *xovovati)
- to take care, to heed, to tend → to raise, to upbring
- to hide, to shield (in order to protect)
- Synonyms: *sъkryvati, *prętati
- to feed (secondary)
- (reflexive) (+ *sę) to care for oneself
Conjugation
editVerbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*xovanьje | *xovati | *xovatъ | *xovalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *xovanъ | *xovajemъ |
Active | *xovavъ | *xovaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *xovaxъ | *xova | *xova | *xovajǫ | *xovaješi | *xovajetь |
Dual | *xovaxově | *xovasta | *xovaste | *xovajevě | *xovajeta | *xovajete |
Plural | *xovaxomъ | *xovaste | *xovašę | *xovajemъ | *xovajete | *xovajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *xovaaxъ | *xovaaše | *xovaaše | — | *xovaji | *xovaji |
Dual | *xovaaxově | *xovaašeta | *xovaašete | *xovajivě | *xovajita | — |
Plural | *xovaaxomъ | *xovaašete | *xovaaxǫ | *xovajimъ | *xovajite | — |
Derived terms
edit- *vyxovati, *perxovati (“to raise, to upbring”)
- *sъxovati, *zaxovati (“to take under care”)
- *xovateľь, *xovačь, *xovanьcь (agent nouns)
Related terms
edit- *čuti (“to sense, feel, notice”)
- *skumati (“to examine”)
- *sъkyvati (“to take a look”)
- *xyzъ (“hut, shelter”), *xyža (“lodge”) (possibly)
Descendants
edit- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Croatian: hovati
- West Slavic:
Further reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ховать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xovati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 86