Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zybati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *zybь (“oscillation”) +‎ *-ati, but beyond that - of uncertain origin. Compare *xybàti of similar meaning.

Verb

*zybati

1. to cradle, to rock
2. to swing
3. (reflexive) to hesitate

Inflection

Conjugation of *zybati, *zyba, *zybľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zybanьje	*zybati	*zybatъ	*zybalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zybanъ	*zybľemъ
Active	*zybavъ	*zybľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zybaxъ	*zyba	*zyba	*zybľǫ	*zybľeši	*zybľetь
Dual	*zybaxově	*zybasta	*zybaste	*zybľevě	*zybľeta	*zybľete
Plural	*zybaxomъ	*zybaste	*zybašę	*zybľemъ	*zybľete	*zybľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zybaaxъ	*zybaaše	*zybaaše	—	*zybľi	*zybľi
Dual	*zybaaxově	*zybaašeta	*zybaašete	*zybľivě	*zybľita	—
Plural	*zybaaxomъ	*zybaašete	*zybaaxǫ	*zybľimъ	*zybľite	—

Later reanalyzed among some daughter languages as:

Conjugation of *zybati, *zyba, *zybajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zybanьje	*zybati	*zybatъ	*zybalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zybanъ	*zybajemъ
Active	*zybavъ	*zybaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zybaxъ	*zyba	*zyba	*zybajǫ	*zybaješi	*zybajetь
Dual	*zybaxově	*zybasta	*zybaste	*zybajevě	*zybajeta	*zybajete
Plural	*zybaxomъ	*zybaste	*zybašę	*zybajemъ	*zybajete	*zybajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zybaaxъ	*zybaaše	*zybaaše	—	*zybaji	*zybaji
Dual	*zybaaxově	*zybaašeta	*zybaašete	*zybajivě	*zybajita	—
Plural	*zybaaxomъ	*zybaašete	*zybaaxǫ	*zybajimъ	*zybajite	—

Related terms

• *zybь (“oscillation”)
• *zybъkъ (“unsteady”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: зыба́ти (zybáti)
    • Belarusian: зыба́ць (zybácʹ)
    • Ukrainian: зиба́ти (zybáty)
  • Russian: зы́бать (zýbatʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: зꙑбати (zybati)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: зи́бати

    Latin script: zíbati

  • Slovene: zíbati, zibáti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: zýbat

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зы́бь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress