Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xybati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to *xybъ (“wobble”) +‎ *-ati. Traditionally viewed as cognate with Sanskrit क्षुभ्यति (kṣubhyati, “to shake, be agitated”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-.

Compare also Lithuanian sūbóti (“to swing”) (also compared with synonymous Proto-Slavic *zybati), Proto-Germanic *skupjaną (“to scoff; to skip”).

Verb

*xybàti impf (perfective *xybnǫti)

1. to sway, to make unsteady, to perturb

Inflection

Conjugation of *xybati, *xyba, *xybajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xybanьje	*xybati	*xybatъ	*xybalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xybanъ	*xybajemъ
Active	*xybavъ	*xybaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xybaxъ	*xyba	*xyba	*xybajǫ	*xybaješi	*xybajetь
Dual	*xybaxově	*xybasta	*xybaste	*xybajevě	*xybajeta	*xybajete
Plural	*xybaxomъ	*xybaste	*xybašę	*xybajemъ	*xybajete	*xybajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xybaaxъ	*xybaaše	*xybaaše	—	*xybaji	*xybaji
Dual	*xybaaxově	*xybaašeta	*xybaašete	*xybajivě	*xybajita	—
Plural	*xybaaxomъ	*xybaašete	*xybaaxǫ	*xybajimъ	*xybajite	—

Derived terms

• *xybadlo (“pendelum”)
• *xybьstvo (“tumult, commotion”)

Related terms

• *xybiti, *xyběti (“to swindle, to confuse”)
  • *xyba (“fault, mistake”)
  • *xybina (“confusion, error”)
• *xybъkъ (“perturbed”)
• *šibati (“to beat, to whip”)
• *xvěti (“to sway”) (possibly)
• *zybati (“to rock, to oscillate”) (possibly)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: хиба́ть (xibátʹ)
  • Ukrainian: хиба́ти (xybáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Slovene: híbati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: chybati
  • Polish: chybać (obsolete, dialectal)
  • Slovak: chýbať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: chybaś
    • Upper Sorbian: chybać

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хибать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xybati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 153
• “suboti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012