Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kān

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

A possible relation includes Proto-Tungusic *xuŋīkta (“blood vessel”) (Evenki уӈӣкта (uŋīkta, “blood vessel”)). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*kān

1. blood

Declension

Declension of *kān

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kān
Accusative	*kānnï, *kānïg 4), *kānnïg 1)
Genitive	*kānnïŋ
Dative	*kānka
Locative	*kānta
Ablative	*kāntan
Allative	*kāngaru
Instrumental 2)	*kānïn
Equative 2)	*kānča
Similative 2)	*kānlayu
Comitative 2)	*kānlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Bulgar: خان (hān)
    • Chuvash: юн (jun)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qân
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قانْ (qan)
    • Chagatai: قان (qan)
      • Uyghur: قان (qan) / қан (qan)
      • Uzbek: qon
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: قان (qan)
    • Azerbaijani: qan
    • Ottoman Turkish: قان (kan)
      • Gagauz: kan
      • Turkish: kan
  • Salar: gan
  • Turkmen: gan
• Kipchak: قان (kan)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡан (qan)
    • Tatar: кан (qan)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qan
    • Karachay-Balkar: къан (qan)
    • Karaim: кан
    • Kumyk: къан (qan)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: qan
      • Kazakh: қан (qan)
      • Nogai: кан (kan)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кан (kan)
        • Southern Altai: кан (kan)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰣 (qan)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qan)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (gan/qan)
  • Northern Siberian:
    • Dolgan: каан
    • Yakut: хаан (qaan)
  • Southern Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хан (xan)
      • Shor: қан
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: қан
      • Tuvan: хан (xan)
  • →? Proto-Samoyedic: *këm
    • Tundra Nenets: хэм’ (xem’)
    • Nganasan: кам
    • Selkup:
      • Northern Selkup: кэм (kem)
      • Southern Selkup:
        • Vasyugan: капта
        • Shyoshqup: кап
        • Narym: кам, кап
        • Upper Ob: кием

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 629-630
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 230
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 251
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiān”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 360-361