Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/barjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *barjaną.

Verb

*barjan^[1]^[2]

to beat, strike

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*barjan
1st sg. past	*baridā
Infinitive	*barjan
Genitive infin.	*barjannjas
Dative infin.	*barjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*barjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*barju	*baridā
2nd singular	*barisi	baridēs, baridōs
3rd singular	*bariþi	baridē, baridā
1st plural	*barjum	*baridum
2nd plural	*bariþ	*baridud
3rd plural	*barjanþ	*baridun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*barjē	*baridī
2nd singular	*barjēs	*baridī
3rd singular	*barjē	*baridī
1st plural	*barjēm	*baridīm
2nd plural	*barjēþ	*baridīd
3rd plural	*barjēn	*baridīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bari
Plural	*bariþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*barjandī	*barid

Descendants

Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))
- Middle English: berien, beryen
  - Scots: berrie, berry, barrie
  - English: berry (verb)
(Old Frisian: ber)
Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren
- Middle High German: berjen, berren, beren, bern
  - German: beren

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*barjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*barjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*barjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*barjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37

[1]

[2]