Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Cognate with Latin ferīre (“to beat, strike”), Proto-Slavic *borniti (“to defend”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*barjaną

1. to beat, strike

Inflection

Conjugation of *barjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*barjō	*barjaų	—	*barjai	?
2nd singular	*barisi	*barjais	*bari	*barjasai	*barjaisau
3rd singular	*bariþi	*barjai	*barjaþau	*barjaþai	*barjaiþau
1st dual	*barjōs	*barjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*barjaþiz	*barjaiþiz	*barjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*barjamaz	*barjaim	—	*barjanþai	*barjainþau
2nd plural	*bariþ	*barjaiþ	*bariþ	*barjanþai	*barjainþau
3rd plural	*barjanþi	*barjain	*barjanþau	*barjanþai	*barjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*baridǭ	*baridēdį̄
2nd singular	*baridēz	*baridēdīz
3rd singular	*baridē	*baridēdī
1st dual	*baridēdū	*baridēdīw
2nd dual	*baridēdudiz	*baridēdīdiz
1st plural	*baridēdum	*baridēdīm
2nd plural	*baridēdud	*baridēdīd
3rd plural	*baridēdun	*baridēdīn
	present	past
participles	*barjandz	*baridaz

Related terms

• *barō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *barjan
  • Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))
    • Middle English: berien, beryen
      • Scots: berrie, berry, barrie
      • English: berry (verb)
  • (Old Frisian: ber)
  • Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren
    • Middle High German: berjen, berren, beren, bern
      • German: beren
• Old Norse: berja
  • Icelandic: berja
  • Faroese: berja
  • Norwegian: berja, berje
  • Old Swedish: bæria
    • Swedish: bärja
  • Old Danish: bærie
    • Danish: bærje
  • Elfdalian: berras