Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sturmaz.

Noun

*sturm m

storm

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*sturm
Genitive	*sturmas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*sturm	sturmō, sturmōs
Accusative	*sturm	*sturmā
Genitive	*sturmas	*sturmō
Dative	*sturmē	*sturmum
Instrumental	*sturmu	*sturmum

Descendants

Old English: storm, stearm
- Middle English: storm
  - English: storm
    - → Esperanto: ŝtormo
    - → Irish: stoirm
    - → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm
  - Scots: storm
  - Yola: stharm, starm
Old Frisian: *storm
- Saterland Frisian: Stoarm
- West Frisian: stoarm
Old Saxon: storm
- Middle Low German: storm
  - German Low German: Storm
  - → Polish: sztorm
Old Dutch: *sturm
- Middle Dutch: storm
  - Dutch: storm
    - Afrikaans: storm
    - Negerhollands: storm
    - → Papiamentu: storm
Old High German: sturm
- Middle High German: sturm
  - German: Sturm
  - Yiddish: שטורעם (shturem)
  - → Polish: szturm
  - → Russian: штурм (šturm)
  - Luxembourgish: Stuerm
  - Hunsrik: Storrem
- Lombardic: *sturm
  - → Italian: stormo
→ Vulgar Latin: *estornus, *estorma
- Old French: estor, estour, estur, estorme, estorn
  - Middle French: estor, estour
  - → Middle English: stour, store, stor
    - English: stour
    - Scots: sture, stour
- Occitan: estorn