Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swart

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swartaz.

Adjective

*swart

1. black

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*swart
Genitive	*swartas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swart	*swartu	*swart
Accusative	*swartanā	*swartā	*swart
Genitive	*swartas	*swarteʀā	*swartas
Dative	*swartumē	*swarteʀē	*swartumē
Instrumental	*swartu	*swarteʀu	*swartu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swartē	*swartō	*swartu
Accusative	*swartā	*swartā	*swartu
Genitive	*swarteʀō	*swarteʀō	*swarteʀō
Dative	*swartēm, *swartum	*swartēm, *swartum	*swartēm, *swartum
Instrumental	*swartēm, *swartum	*swartēm, *swartum	*swartēm, *swartum

Derived terms

• *swartēn
• *swartijan
• *swartōn

Descendants

• Old English: sweart, swart, swært
  • Middle English: swart
    • English: swart, swarth
    • Scots: swart
• Old Frisian: swart, swert
  • North Frisian: suart, suurt
  • Saterland Frisian: swot, swoot
  • West Frisian: swart
• Old Saxon: swart
  • Middle Low German: swart
    • Low German:
      • German Low German: swart, schwart

        Hamburgisch: swatt

        Westphalian:

        Münsterländisch: swatt

        Paderbornisch: schwart

        Lippisch: schwart

        Ravensbergisch: swārt, swat

        Sauerländisch: schwart, schwatt, schwuat, schwoart, schwuart, schwoert

        Westmünsterländisch: schwatt, schwott, schwart

        → German: schwatt

      • Plautdietsch: schwoat
    • → Danish: sværte (“black dye”)
• Old Dutch: *swart
  • Middle Dutch: swart
    • Dutch: zwart
      • Afrikaans: swart
    • Limburgish: zwart
    • West Flemish: zwort
• Old High German: swarz
  • Middle High German: swarz
    • Alemannic German:

      Alsatian: schwàrz

      Swabian: schwardds

    • Bavarian: schwoarz

      Cimbrian: sbartz

      Mòcheno: schbòrz

    • Central Franconian: schwatz, zjwats

      Hunsrik: schwarz

    • German: schwarz
    • Luxembourgish: schwaarz
    • Rhine Franconian:

      Hessian: schwoaz

      Pennsylvania German: schwatz

    • Vilamovian: świöc
    • Yiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)

See also

Colors in Proto-West Germanic · *farwō (layout · text)

*blaik, *blank, *hwīt, *blas	*falu, *grāu, *hasu, *grīs, *hair	*blak, *swart
*raud	*brūn, *erp, *dunn/dusn	*gelu
*grōnī	*grōnī
	*blāu	*blāu
*blāu	*purpurā