abhainn

Irish

Alternative forms

• abha, abhann
• abh (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū (compare Welsh afon), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”). The form abhainn was originally the dative singular of abha, but is now widely used as the nominative as well.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɑɯnʲ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /əun̠ʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /oːn̠ʲ/

Noun

abhainn f (genitive singular abhann or aibhne, nominative plural aibhneacha or aibhne)

1. river

   Níl aon abhainn san oileán.

   There’s no river on the island.

   Dá dtéiteá go Gaillimh inné, d’fhéadfá a dhul isteach an abhainn go réidh, mar nach raibh aon tsruth mór.

   If you had gone to Galway yesterday, you would have easily been able to go up the river, since there wasn’t a very strong current.

   Bhí an abhainn reoite.

   The river was frozen.

   bruach na haibhne ― the riverbank

   Bhí na haibhneacha uilig reoite.

   All the rivers were frozen.

   Dhá mbeadh an t-airgead againn, ghabhfadh muid do haibhneacha Chill Airne.

   If we had the money, we would go to the rivers of Killarney.

Declension

Standard

Declension of abhainn

Fifth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative abhainn aibhneacha Vocative a abhainn a aibhneacha Genitive abhann aibhneacha Dative abhainn aibhneacha

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an abhainn na haibhneacha Genitive na habhann na n-aibhneacha Dative leis an abhainn don abhainn leis na haibhneacha

Nonstandard

Declension of abhainn

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative abhainn aibhne Vocative a abhainn a aibhne Genitive aibhne aibhne Dative abhainn aibhne

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an abhainn na haibhne Genitive na haibhne na n-aibhne Dative leis an abhainn don abhainn leis na haibhne

• Variant genitive singular: abhainne, abhna
• Variant plural forms: abhanta, aibhnte, aibhnteacha

Derived terms

• abhantrach (“river basin”)
• craobh-abhainn (“affluent, tributary”)
• fo-abhainn (“affluent, tributary”)
• tréig-abhainn (“distributary”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
abhainn	n-abhainn	habhainn	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “abhainn”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “abhainn”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “abhainn”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū (compare Welsh afon), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”). The form abhainn was originally the dative singular of abha, but is now widely used as the nominative/accusative as well.

Pronunciation

• (Lewis, Harris, West Sutherland, Arran) IPA^(key): [ˈãvɪɲ]
• (Uist, Barra, much of Skye, Ross-shire, East Sutherland) IPA^(key): [ˈãũ.ɪɲ]
• (Trotternish) IPA^(key): [ˈã.ɪɲ]
• (Tiree) IPA^(key): [ˈaʔʊjɲ]
• (Islay) IPA^(key): [ˈoʔʊɲ]

Noun

abhainn f (genitive singular aibhne, plural aibhnichean)

1. river, stream

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
abhainn	n-abhainn	h-abhainn	t-abhainn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also

• sruth

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “abhainn”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ab”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language