aider
English edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
aider (plural aiders)
- A person who aids or assists.
- 1548, Edward Hall, “The trobleous season of Kyng Henry the sixt, The .xv. yere”, in Hall’s Chronicle[1], London: Richard Grafton:
- The capitaines of the toune seyng theire pillers borken, and their chief ayders discomfited, rendered the toune to the duke of Somerset,
- 1589, George Puttenham, The Arte of English Poesie[2], London: Richard Field, Book 3, Chapter 15, p. 254:
- […] arte is neither an aider nor a surmounter, but onely a bare immitatour of natures works, following and counterfeyting her actions and effects […]
- 1838 March – 1839 October, Charles Dickens, “Of the Internal Economy of Dotheboys Hall”, in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 73:
- […] being there as an assistant, he actually seemed—[…]—to be the aider and abettor of a system which filled him with honest disgust and indignation, […]
- 1898, Paul Laurence Dunbar, chapter III, in The Uncalled: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, →OCLC, page 23:
- The woman in question had, as she said, been a close friend of Margaret’s, and, as such, an aider in her habits of intemperance.
- (climbing) A mountaineer's stirrup or étrier.
- As I was switching my feet in my aiders, the hook popped.
Usage notes edit
Often used in the phrase aider and abettor; see also aid and abet.
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French ayder, from Old French aidier, from Latin adiutāre (“help, assist”). Cognate with Catalan aidar, Spanish ayudar, Romanian ajuta, Italian aiutare, Portuguese and Catalan ajudar.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
aider
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of aider (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | aider | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | aidant /ɛ.dɑ̃/ or /e.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | aidé /ɛ.de/ or /e.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | aide /ɛd/ |
aides /ɛd/ |
aide /ɛd/ |
aidons /ɛ.dɔ̃/ or /e.dɔ̃/ |
aidez /ɛ.de/ or /e.de/ |
aident /ɛd/ |
| imperfect | aidais /ɛ.dɛ/ or /e.dɛ/ |
aidais /ɛ.dɛ/ or /e.dɛ/ |
aidait /ɛ.dɛ/ or /e.dɛ/ |
aidions /ɛ.djɔ̃/ or /e.djɔ̃/ |
aidiez /ɛ.dje/ or /e.dje/ |
aidaient /ɛ.dɛ/ or /e.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | aidai /ɛ.de/ or /e.de/ |
aidas /ɛ.da/ or /e.da/ |
aida /ɛ.da/ or /e.da/ |
aidâmes /ɛ.dam/ or /e.dam/ |
aidâtes /ɛ.dat/ or /e.dat/ |
aidèrent /ɛ.dɛʁ/ or /e.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | aiderai /ɛ.dʁe/ or /e.dʁe/ |
aideras /ɛ.dʁa/ or /e.dʁa/ |
aidera /ɛ.dʁa/ or /e.dʁa/ |
aiderons /ɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /e.dʁɔ̃/ |
aiderez /ɛ.dʁe/ or /e.dʁe/ |
aideront /ɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /e.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | aiderais /ɛ.dʁɛ/ or /e.dʁɛ/ |
aiderais /ɛ.dʁɛ/ or /e.dʁɛ/ |
aiderait /ɛ.dʁɛ/ or /e.dʁɛ/ |
aiderions /ɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
aideriez /ɛ.də.ʁje/ or /e.də.ʁje/ |
aideraient /ɛ.dʁɛ/ or /e.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | aide /ɛd/ |
aides /ɛd/ |
aide /ɛd/ |
aidions /ɛ.djɔ̃/ or /e.djɔ̃/ |
aidiez /ɛ.dje/ or /e.dje/ |
aident /ɛd/ |
| imperfect2 | aidasse /ɛ.das/ or /e.das/ |
aidasses /ɛ.das/ or /e.das/ |
aidât /ɛ.da/ or /e.da/ |
aidassions /ɛ.da.sjɔ̃/ or /e.da.sjɔ̃/ |
aidassiez /ɛ.da.sje/ or /e.da.sje/ |
aidassent /ɛ.das/ or /e.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | aide /ɛd/ |
— | aidons /ɛ.dɔ̃/ or /e.dɔ̃/ |
aidez /ɛ.de/ or /e.de/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “aider”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.