obliger
English
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /əˈblaɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Noun
editobliger (plural obligers)
- One who, or that which, obliges.
- a. 1639, Henry Wotton, a letter to Edmund Bacon
- it is the natural property of the same heart, to be a gentle Interpreter, which is so noble an Obliger
- a. 1639, Henry Wotton, a letter to Edmund Bacon
References
edit- “obliger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
editFrench
editEtymology
editInherited from Middle French obliger, from Old French obligier, borrowed from Latin obligāre.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editobliger
- (transitive) to oblige, to require, to compel, to force [with direct object ‘someone’ and à (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]
- Synonyms: contraindre, forcer
- (passive voice) (intransitive) to have to [with de (+ infinitive) ‘do something’]
- Synonym: devoir
- Vous êtes ’obligé de payer la facture.
- You have to pay the bill.
- (Louisiana) to help, to aid
- Synonym: aider
Conjugation
editThis is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written oblige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of obliger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | obliger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | obligeant /ɔ.bli.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | obligé /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obliges /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obligeons /ɔ.bli.ʒɔ̃/ |
obligez /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ |
obligent /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
imperfect | obligeais /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ |
obligeais /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ |
obligeait /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ |
obligions /ɔ.bli.ʒjɔ̃/ |
obligiez /ɔ.bli.ʒje/ |
obligeaient /ɔ.bli.ʒɛ/ | |
past historic2 | obligeai /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ |
obligeas /ɔ.bli.ʒa/ |
obligea /ɔ.bli.ʒa/ |
obligeâmes /ɔ.bli.ʒam/ |
obligeâtes /ɔ.bli.ʒat/ |
obligèrent /ɔ.bli.ʒɛʁ/ | |
future | obligerai /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁe/ |
obligeras /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁa/ |
obligera /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁa/ |
obligerons /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
obligerez /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁe/ |
obligeront /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | obligerais /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
obligerais /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
obligerait /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
obligerions /ɔ.bli.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
obligeriez /ɔ.bli.ʒə.ʁje/ |
obligeraient /ɔ.bliʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obliges /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
obligions /ɔ.bli.ʒjɔ̃/ |
obligiez /ɔ.bli.ʒje/ |
obligent /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
imperfect2 | obligeasse /ɔ.bli.ʒas/ |
obligeasses /ɔ.bli.ʒas/ |
obligeât /ɔ.bli.ʒa/ |
obligeassions /ɔ.bli.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
obligeassiez /ɔ.bli.ʒa.sje/ |
obligeassent /ɔ.bli.ʒas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | oblige /ɔ.bliʒ/ |
— | obligeons /ɔ.bli.ʒɔ̃/ |
obligez /ɔ.bli.ʒe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “obliger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
editVerb
editobliger
Middle French
editEtymology
editFrom Old French obligier, from Latin obligāre, present active infinitive of obligō.
Verb
editobliger
- (transitive) to oblige
Conjugation
edit- As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of obliger
infinitive | simple | obliger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | obligeant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | obligé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | oblige | obliges | oblige | obligeons | obligez | obligent |
imperfect | obligeois, obligeoys | obligeois, obligeoys | obligeoit, obligeoyt | obligions, obligyons | obligiez, obligyez | obligeoient, obligeoyent | |
past historic | obligea | obligeas | obligea | obligeasmes | obligeastes | obligerent | |
future | obligerai, obligeray | obligeras | obligera | obligerons | obligerez | obligeront | |
conditional | obligerois, obligeroys | obligerois, obligeroys | obligeroit, obligeroyt | obligerions, obligeryons | obligeriez, obligeryez | obligeroient, obligeroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | oblige | obliges | oblige | obligeons | obligez | obligent |
imperfect | obligeasse | obligeasses | obligeast | obligeassions | obligeassiez | obligeassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | oblige | — | obligeons | obligez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
edit- French: obliger
Categories:
- English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyǵ-
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French intransitive verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- Louisiana French
- French verbs with conjugation -ger
- French first group verbs
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin verb forms
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms borrowed from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French transitive verbs
- Middle French first group verbs