bátor
Hungarian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Bashkir батыр (batır), Turkish bahadır, batur (“brave, hero”).
The sense although was split from the original sense, perhaps shortened from its inflected forms bátoron or bátran. First it probably had a permissive meaning: Bátoron (hadd) jöjjön! (“Let him/her [be brave enough to / bravely] come!”). Later an optative sense developed: Ó, bátoron jönne! (“Wish he/she would be brave to come!”), on the other hand it became a restrictive conjunction: Megjött, bátor késve. (“He/she arrived, although late.”) In all these functions it was superseded by its shortened form bár.[1]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editbátor (comparative bátrabb, superlative legbátrabb)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | bátor | bátrak |
accusative | bátrat | bátrakat |
dative | bátornak | bátraknak |
instrumental | bátorral | bátrakkal |
causal-final | bátorért | bátrakért |
translative | bátorrá | bátrakká |
terminative | bátorig | bátrakig |
essive-formal | bátorként | bátrakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | bátorban | bátrakban |
superessive | bátoron | bátrakon |
adessive | bátornál | bátraknál |
illative | bátorba | bátrakba |
sublative | bátorra | bátrakra |
allative | bátorhoz | bátrakhoz |
elative | bátorból | bátrakból |
delative | bátorról | bátrakról |
ablative | bátortól | bátraktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
bátoré | bátraké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
bátoréi | bátrakéi |
Derived terms
edit(Expressions):
Noun
editbátor
Declension
editPossessive forms of bátor | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | bátram | — |
2nd person sing. | bátrad | — |
3rd person sing. | bátra | — |
1st person plural | bátrunk | — |
2nd person plural | bátratok | — |
3rd person plural | bátruk | — |
Conjunction
editbátor
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ (although): bátor in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading
edit- bátor in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
- (“brave”; adjective and noun): bátor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (“although”; conjunction): bátor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- Hungarian terms borrowed from Turkic languages
- Hungarian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Hungarian/or
- Rhymes:Hungarian/or/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian adjectives
- Hungarian adjectives with alternating stems
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian terms with archaic senses
- Hungarian terms with rare senses
- Hungarian noun senses formed with possessive suffixes
- Hungarian conjunctions