brouiller
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French brouiller, from Old French brouiller, from Vulgar Latin *brodiculāre, from *brodicāre (compare Lombard brodigar (“to soil, pollute”)), from Late Latin brodium (“broth, stew, mixture”), from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“stock, broth”). More at English broth, broil.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
brouiller
- to blur
- to mix up, confuse
- to scramble (an egg)
- to set at odds, put (someone) off (something)
- to jam (a transmission), to scramble (a message)
- (reflexive) to become blurred, get mixed up
- (reflexive, ~ avec) to fall out
- (reflexive, meteorology) to cloud over
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of brouiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | brouiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | brouillant /bʁu.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | brouillé /bʁu.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouilles /bʁuj/ |
brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouillons /bʁu.jɔ̃/ |
brouillez /bʁu.je/ |
brouillent /bʁuj/ |
| imperfect | brouillais /bʁu.jɛ/ |
brouillais /bʁu.jɛ/ |
brouillait /bʁu.jɛ/ |
brouillions /bʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
brouilliez /bʁuj.je/ |
brouillaient /bʁu.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | brouillai /bʁu.je/ |
brouillas /bʁu.ja/ |
brouilla /bʁu.ja/ |
brouillâmes /bʁu.jam/ |
brouillâtes /bʁu.jat/ |
brouillèrent /bʁu.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | brouillerai /bʁuj.ʁe/ |
brouilleras /bʁuj.ʁa/ |
brouillera /bʁuj.ʁa/ |
brouillerons /bʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ |
brouillerez /bʁuj.ʁe/ |
brouilleront /bʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | brouillerais /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
brouillerais /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
brouillerait /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
brouillerions /bʁu.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
brouilleriez /bʁu.jə.ʁje/ |
brouilleraient /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouilles /bʁuj/ |
brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouillions /bʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
brouilliez /bʁuj.je/ |
brouillent /bʁuj/ |
| imperfect2 | brouillasse /bʁu.jas/ |
brouillasses /bʁu.jas/ |
brouillât /bʁu.ja/ |
brouillassions /bʁu.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
brouillassiez /bʁu.ja.sje/ |
brouillassent /bʁu.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brouille /bʁuj/ |
— | brouillons /bʁu.jɔ̃/ |
brouillez /bʁu.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Romanian: bruia
Further reading edit
- “brouiller”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.