calvaria

English

Etymology

From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calavera and calvary.

Noun

calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)

1. (anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap.
   • 2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:

     CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.

Derived terms

• calvarial

 

Translations

the dome or roof of the skull

• German: Schädelkalotte f, Schädeldecke (de) f, Schädeldach (de) n
• Hungarian: koponyatető (hu), koponyaboltozat (hu), fejtető (hu)
• Romanian: calotă craniană (ro) f

Latin

Etymology

From calvus (“bald”) +‎ -āria (noun-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kalˈu̯aː.ri.a/, [käɫ̪ˈu̯äːriä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kalˈva.ri.a/, [kälˈväːriä]

Noun

calvāria f (genitive calvāriae); first declension

1. a skull

   Synonyms: calva, testa, crānium

2. (capitalized) Calvary

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	calvāria	calvāriae
Genitive	calvāriae	calvāriārum
Dative	calvāriae	calvāriīs
Accusative	calvāriam	calvāriās
Ablative	calvāriā	calvāriīs
Vocative	calvāria	calvāriae

Derived terms

• calvāriola

Descendants

• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: calavera, canavera
  • Gascon: calavera
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: caaveira
    • Galician: caveira
    • Portuguese: caveira
  • Spanish: calavera
• Derived forms:
  • ⇒ Ecclesiastical Latin: calvārium
    • → Catalan: calvari
    • → English: Calvary
    • → Italian: calvario
    • → Occitan: calbari
    • → Old French: cauvaire
      • French: calvaire (partly relatinized)
      • Norman: calvet
    • → Spanish: calvario
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calvāriō, calvāriōnem
    • ⇒ Franco-Provençal: tsarvayrõ (“flat stone”), ϑarvẹrõ (toponym)
• Direct borrowings:
  • → English: calvaria

References

• “calvaria”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• calvaria in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• calvaria in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “calvaria”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 105