clore
French edit
Etymology edit
From Middle French clore, from Old French clore, from Latin claudere. Now largely replaced by fermer because of interference with clouer (“to nail”) in certain conjugated forms.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
clore (defective)
- (transitive) close (put an end to)
- La discussion est close. ― The discussion is closed.
Conjugation edit
This verb is not conjugated in certain tenses.
Conjugation of clore (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | clore | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | closant /klo.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | clos /klo/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | clos /klo/ |
clos /klo/ |
clôt /klo/ |
closons /klo.zɔ̃/ |
closez /klo.ze/ |
closent /kloz/ |
| imperfect | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| past historic2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| future | clorai /klɔ.ʁe/ |
cloras /klɔ.ʁa/ |
clora /klɔ.ʁa/ |
clorons /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/ |
clorez /klɔ.ʁe/ |
cloront /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorait /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorions /klɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cloriez /klɔ.ʁje/ |
cloraient /klɔ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | close /kloz/ |
closes /kloz/ |
close /kloz/ |
closions /klo.zjɔ̃/ |
closiez /klo.zje/ |
closent /kloz/ |
| imperfect2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | clos /klo/ |
— | closons /klo.zɔ̃/ |
closez /klo.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “clore”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French clore.
Verb edit
clore
- (transitive) to enclose (surround something with something)
Descendants edit
- French: clore
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin claudere.
Verb edit
clore
- to close
- to enclose (with walls, etc.)
- c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- Clos de haut mur et de fossé
- Enclosed between high walls and a moat
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of clore (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | clore | avoir clos | |||||
| gerund | en cloant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | cloant | ||||||
| past participle | clos | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | clo | cloz | clot | cloons | cloez | cloent |
| imperfect | clooie, cloeie | clooies, cloeies | clooit, cloeit | cloïiens, cloïens | cloïiez, cloïez | clooient, cloeient | |
| preterite | clos | cloṣis | clost | cloṣimes | cloṣistes | closdrent | |
| future | clorai, clorrai | cloras, clorras | clora, clorra | clorons, clorrons | cloroiz, cloreiz, clorez, clorroiz, clorreiz, clorrez | cloront, clorront | |
| conditional | cloroie, cloreie, clorroie, clorreie | cloroies, cloreies, clorroies, clorreies | cloroit, cloreit, clorroit, clorreit | cloriiens, cloriens, clorriiens, clorriens | cloriiez, cloriez, clorriiez, clorriez | cloroient, cloreient, clorroient, clorreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cloe | cloes | cloe | cloons | cloez | cloent |
| imperfect | cloṣisse | cloṣisses | cloṣist | cloṣissons, cloṣissiens | cloṣissoiz, cloṣissez, cloṣissiez | cloṣissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | clo | — | cloons | cloez | — | ||
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (clore, supplement)
Portuguese edit
Verb edit
clore
- inflection of clorar:
Spanish edit
Verb edit
clore
- inflection of clorar: