cnag

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish *cnagaid, from Old English cnocian and/or Old Norse knoka, both from Proto-Germanic *knukōną.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kn̪ˠɑɡ/
• (Galway) IPA^(key): /kn̪ˠɑɡ/, /kɾˠaɡ/
• (Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠaɡ/

Noun

cnag m (genitive singular cnaig, nominative plural cnaga)

1. a knock, crack, crunch

Declension

Declension of cnag

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative cnag cnaga Vocative a chnaig a chnaga Genitive cnaig cnag Dative cnag cnaga

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an cnag na cnaga Genitive an chnaig na gcnag Dative leis an gcnag don chnag leis na cnaga

Verb

cnag (present analytic cnagann, future analytic cnagfaidh, verbal noun cnagadh, past participle cnagtha)

1. to knock, crack, crunch

Conjugation

conjugation of cnag (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	cnagaim	cnagann tú; cnagair†	cnagann sé, sí	cnagaimid	cnagann sibh	cnagann siad; cnagaid†	a chnagann; a chnagas / a gcnagann*; a gcnagas*	cnagtar
	past	chnag mé; chnagas	chnag tú; chnagais	chnag sé, sí	chnagamar; chnag muid	chnag sibh; chnagabhair	chnag siad; chnagadar	a chnag / ar chnag*	cnagadh
	past habitual	chnagainn / gcnagainn‡‡	chnagtá / gcnagtᇇ	chnagadh sé, sí / gcnagadh sé, s퇇	chnagaimis; chnagadh muid / gcnagaimis‡‡; gcnagadh muid‡‡	chnagadh sibh / gcnagadh sibh‡‡	chnagaidís; chnagadh siad / gcnagaidís‡‡; gcnagadh siad‡‡	a chnagadh / a gcnagadh*	chnagtaí / gcnagta퇇
future		cnagfaidh mé; cnagfad	cnagfaidh tú; cnagfair†	cnagfaidh sé, sí	cnagfaimid; cnagfaidh muid	cnagfaidh sibh	cnagfaidh siad; cnagfaid†	a chnagfaidh; a chnagfas / a gcnagfaidh*; a gcnagfas*	cnagfar
conditional		chnagfainn / gcnagfainn‡‡	chnagfá / gcnagfᇇ	chnagfadh sé, sí / gcnagfadh sé, s퇇	chnagfaimis; chnagfadh muid / gcnagfaimis‡‡; gcnagfadh muid‡‡	chnagfadh sibh / gcnagfadh sibh‡‡	chnagfaidís; chnagfadh siad / gcnagfaidís‡‡; gcnagfadh siad‡‡	a chnagfadh / a gcnagfadh*	chnagfaí / gcnagfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go gcnaga mé; go gcnagad†	go gcnaga tú; go gcnagair†	go gcnaga sé, sí	go gcnagaimid; go gcnaga muid	go gcnaga sibh	go gcnaga siad; go gcnagaid†	—	go gcnagtar
	past	dá gcnagainn	dá gcnagtá	dá gcnagadh sé, sí	dá gcnagaimis; dá gcnagadh muid	dá gcnagadh sibh	dá gcnagaidís; dá gcnagadh siad	—	dá gcnagtaí
imperative		cnagaim	cnag	cnagadh sé, sí	cnagaimis	cnagaigí; cnagaidh†	cnagaidís	—	cnagtar
verbal noun		cnagadh
past participle		cnagtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cnag	chnag	gcnag
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cnagaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cnag”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish *cnagaid, from Old English cnocian and/or Old Norse knoka, both from Proto-Germanic *knukōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾãk/

Verb

cnag (past chnag, future cnagaidh, verbal noun cnagadh, past participle cnagte)

1. crunch (making sound)
2. knock, click

Noun

cnag f (genitive singular cnaig, plural cnagan)

1. bang, knock
2. peg
3. knob
4. plug (of a container)

Derived terms

• cnag-aodaich (“clothes peg”)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
cnag	chnag
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cnagaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language