escumer
Middle French
editVerb
editescumer
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.- a. 1580, Michel de Montaigne, Essais:
- Et les passent noz maistres en escumant, ou, ne les osant pas seulement taster, se jettent d'abordée dans la franchise de la coustume, où ils s'enflent et triomphent à bon compte.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
edit- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of escumer
infinitive | simple | escumer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | escumant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | escumé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | escume | escumes | escume | escumons | escumez | escument |
imperfect | escumois, escumoys | escumois, escumoys | escumoit, escumoyt | escumions, escumyons | escumiez, escumyez | escumoient, escumoyent | |
past historic | escuma | escumas | escuma | escumasmes | escumastes | escumerent | |
future | escumerai, escumeray | escumeras | escumera | escumerons | escumerez | escumeront | |
conditional | escumerois, escumeroys | escumerois, escumeroys | escumeroit, escumeroyt | escumerions, escumeryons | escumeriez, escumeryez | escumeroient, escumeroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | escume | escumes | escume | escumons | escumez | escument |
imperfect | escumasse | escumasses | escumast | escumassions | escumassiez | escumassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | escume | — | escumons | escumez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
edit- French: écumer
Old French
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *skew- (“to cover, conceal”).
Verb
editescumer
- to dribble (allow saliva to leave the mouth)
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Seles vuident, chevalier tument,
Li cheval suent et escument.- They emptied saddles, knights were falling
The horses were sweating and dribbling
- They emptied saddles, knights were falling
Conjugation
editThis verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of escumer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | escumer | avoir escumé | |||||
gerund | en escumant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | escumant | ||||||
past participle | escumé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | escum | escumes | escume | escumons | escumez | escument |
imperfect | escumoie, escumeie, escumoe, escumeve | escumoies, escumeies, escumoes, escumeves | escumoit, escumeit, escumot, escumeve | escumiiens, escumiens | escumiiez, escumiez | escumoient, escumeient, escumoent, escumevent | |
preterite | escumai | escumas | escuma | escumames | escumastes | escumerent | |
future | escumerai | escumeras | escumera | escumerons | escumeroiz, escumereiz, escumerez | escumeront | |
conditional | escumeroie, escumereie | escumeroies, escumereies | escumeroit, escumereit | escumeriiens, escumeriens | escumeriiez, escumeriez | escumeroient, escumereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | escum | escuns | escunt | escumons | escumez | escument |
imperfect | escumasse | escumasses | escumast | escumissons, escumissiens | escumissoiz, escumissez, escumissiez | escumassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | escume | — | escumons | escumez | — |
Descendants
edit- French: écumer
Categories:
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French terms with quotations
- Middle French first group verbs
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er