estoper

Old French

Alternative forms

• estuper, estouper, estopper

Verb

estoper

1. to stop up, block, plug
2. to stiffen, thicken

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ps, *-pt are modified to s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of estoper (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estoper			avoir estopé
gerund		en estopant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		estopant
past participle		estopé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	estop	estopes	estope	estopons	estopez	estopent
	imperfect	estopoie, estopeie, estopoe, estopeve	estopoies, estopeies, estopoes, estopeves	estopoit, estopeit, estopot, estopeve	estopiiens, estopiens	estopiiez, estopiez	estopoient, estopeient, estopoent, estopevent
	preterite	estopai	estopas	estopa	estopames	estopastes	estoperent
	future	estoperai	estoperas	estopera	estoperons	estoperoiz, estopereiz, estoperez	estoperont
	conditional	estoperoie, estopereie	estoperoies, estopereies	estoperoit, estopereit	estoperiiens, estoperiens	estoperiiez, estoperiez	estoperoient, estopereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	estop	estos	estot	estopons	estopez	estopent
	imperfect	estopasse	estopasses	estopast	estopissons, estopissiens	estopissoiz, estopissez, estopissiez	estopassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	estope	—	estopons	estopez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: estouper, estoupper, estoper
  • French: étouper
• ⇒ Old French: estopaille, estoupaille, estoupaile
  • Middle French: estoupail, estouppal
    • French: étoupail (dialectal)
  • → Middle English: stoupaille, stoppaile
    • English: estoppel
• → Middle English: estoppen
  • English: estop