gairid
Irish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish garait (“short”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈɟaɾʲədʲ/[1] (corresponding to the form geairid)
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /ˈɡaɾʲədʲ/[2]
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈɡɨ̞ɾʲədʲ/, /ˈɡɛɾʲədʲ/[3] (corresponding to the form goirid)
Adjective
editgairid (genitive singular masculine gairid, genitive singular feminine gairide, plural gairide, comparative gairide)
- short (having a small distance between ends or edges; having little duration)
Declension
editDeclension of gairid
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | gairid | ghairid | gairide; ghairide² | |
Vocative | ghairid | gairide | ||
Genitive | gairide | gairide | gairid | |
Dative | gairid; ghairid¹ |
ghairid | gairide; ghairide² | |
Comparative | níos gairide | |||
Superlative | is gairide |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Synonyms
editMutation
editIrish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
gairid | ghairid | ngairid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 146, page 75
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 122
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 104, page 41
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gairid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Old Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *garyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r-; cognate with Latin garriō (“chatter”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgairid (conjunct ·gair, verbal noun gairm)
- to call
- Synonym: do·gair
- c. 750-800 Torche na nDessi from Laud 610, published in "The Expulsion of the Déssi", Ériu 3 (1907), edited by Kuno Meyer, pp. 135-142, line 171
- "Gairthir [Congraid, Rawl.] damsa tra," ar Lugith, "bar n-drúidi .i. Droch ⁊ Cecht." Con·gairter dó.
- "Call to me, then," Lugaid said, "all your druids, including Droch and Cecht." They were called to him.
- c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 262:
- "Gairid damsa Findabair!", ol sé. Do·tháet Findabair cucai, ⁊ coíca ingen impe.
- "Call Findabair over to me!" [Ailill] said. Findabair came to [Ailill], with fifty maidens around her.
Inflection
editSimple, class B II present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present indicative | Abs. | gairiu, gairim | gairi | gairid | gairmi | gairthe | gairit | ||
Conj. | ·gairiu, gairim | ·gairi | ·gair | ·gairem | ·gairid | ·gairet | |||
Rel. | |||||||||
Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | |||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Future | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | |||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Conditional | |||||||||
Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | |||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Imperative | gairid | gairthir | |||||||
Verbal noun | gairm | ||||||||
Past participle | |||||||||
Verbal of necessity |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editMutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
gairid | gairid pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngairid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 533
Categories:
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish adjectives
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵeh₂r-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish simple verbs
- Old Irish class B II present verbs
- Old Irish t preterite verbs
- Old Irish é future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs