gair

See also: Gair, gàir, and gáir

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaɾʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡɪɾʲ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid, from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

Verb

gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)

1. (transitive, intransitive) call
2. (literary) invoke
3. acclaim

Conjugation

conjugation of gair (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	gairim	gaireann tú; gairir†	gaireann sé, sí	gairimid	gaireann sibh	gaireann siad; gairid†	a ghaireann; a ghaireas / a ngaireann*; a ngaireas*	gairtear
	past	ghair mé; ghaireas	ghair tú; ghairis	ghair sé, sí	ghaireamar; ghair muid	ghair sibh; ghaireabhair	ghair siad; ghaireadar	a ghair / ar ghair*	gaireadh
	past habitual	ghairinn / ngairinn‡‡	ghairteá / ngairteᇇ	ghaireadh sé, sí / ngaireadh sé, s퇇	ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / ngairimis‡‡; ngaireadh muid‡‡	ghaireadh sibh / ngaireadh sibh‡‡	ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / ngairidís‡‡; ngaireadh siad‡‡	a ghaireadh / a ngaireadh*	ghairtí / ngairt퇇
future		gairfidh mé; gairfead	gairfidh tú; gairfir†	gairfidh sé, sí	gairfimid; gairfidh muid	gairfidh sibh	gairfidh siad; gairfid†	a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas / a ngairfidh*; a ngairfeas*	gairfear
conditional		ghairfinn / ngairfinn‡‡	ghairfeá / ngairfeᇇ	ghairfeadh sé, sí / ngairfeadh sé, s퇇	ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / ngairfimis‡‡; ngairfeadh muid‡‡	ghairfeadh sibh / ngairfeadh sibh‡‡	ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / ngairfidís‡‡; ngairfeadh siad‡‡	a ghairfeadh / a ngairfeadh*	ghairfí / ngairf퇇
subjunctive	present	go ngaire mé; go ngairead†	go ngaire tú; go ngairir†	go ngaire sé, sí	go ngairimid; go ngaire muid	go ngaire sibh	go ngaire siad; go ngairid†	—	go ngairtear
	past	dá ngairinn	dá ngairteá	dá ngaireadh sé, sí	dá ngairimis; dá ngaireadh muid	dá ngaireadh sibh	dá ngairidís; dá ngaireadh siad	—	dá ngairtí
imperative		gairim	gair	gaireadh sé, sí	gairimis	gairigí; gairidh†	gairidís	—	gairtear
verbal noun		gairm
past participle		gairthe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

• Alternative past participles: gartha, gortha

Alternative forms

• gairm

Derived terms

• aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
• gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
• gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

gair

2. inflection of gar:
   1. vocative/genitive masculine singular
   2. (archaic) dative feminine singular

Noun

gair m

1. genitive singular of gar

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gair	ghair	ngair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gair”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Manx

Adjective

gair

1. Eclipsed form of cair.

Noun

gair f

1. Eclipsed form of cair.

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cair	chair	gair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scots

Alternative forms

• gare, gear, gehr, gayro, geyr, geyro

Etymology

Compare to English gore (third sense).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡeːr/
• (Orkney) IPA^(key): /ˈɡair.(o)/

Noun

gair (plural gairs)

1. (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡai̯r/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ai̯r

Noun

gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)

1. word

   gair am air ― word for word

Derived terms

• geirfa (“glossary, vocabulary”)
• geiriadur (“dictionary”)
• geiriog (“wordy, verbose”)

 

Compounds

• adleisair (“onomatopoeia, echoic word”)
• ansoddair (“adjective”)
• benthycair (“loanword”)
• cyfansoddair (“compound”)
• cymysgair (“blend, hybrid”)
• cysylltair (“conjunction”)
• ebychair (“interjection”)
• estronair (“foreign word”)
• gogwyddair (“enclitic”)
• grymusair (“intensive”)
• mwythair (“euphemism”)
• newyddair (“neologism”)
• prifair (“headword”)
• tarddair (“derivative”)

 

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gair	air	ngair	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies