galvauder
See also: galvaûder
French edit
Etymology edit
Cross between Old French galer (“to enjoy”) and ravauder (“to mend”).[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
galvauder
- to tarnish, sully, debase, bring into disrepute
- (informal) to waste; to squander
- Synonym: gâcher
- galvauder les dons qu’on a reçus de la nature ― to squander one's natural gifts
- galvauder son talent ― to waste one's talent
- 2009 February 4, Claire Gatinois, “Hans Beck, créateur des figurines en plastique Playmobil”, in Le Monde[1], archived from the original on 2009-02-05:
- "Ce personnage [Playmobil] a remplacé le soldat de plomb, révolutionné toute l’industrie du jouet sans la galvauder", explique Jean-Louis Berchet, président de la Fédération française du jouet.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- to overuse, render trite
- 2018 October 1, “Mort de Charles Aznavour : soixante-douze ans de carrière en six chansons et anecdotes”, in Le Monde[2]:
- Parfois, l’usage de l’expression « monstre sacré de la chanson française » est galvaudé. Mais pas dans son cas.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- to be lazy, loaf around
- Synonym: traîner
- Il reste là à galvauder.
- He's sittin' there twiddlin' his thumbs.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to demean oneself, compromise oneself
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of galvauder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | galvauder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | galvaudant /ɡal.vo.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | galvaudé /ɡal.vo.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | galvaude /ɡal.vod/ |
galvaudes /ɡal.vod/ |
galvaude /ɡal.vod/ |
galvaudons /ɡal.vo.dɔ̃/ |
galvaudez /ɡal.vo.de/ |
galvaudent /ɡal.vod/ |
| imperfect | galvaudais /ɡal.vo.dɛ/ |
galvaudais /ɡal.vo.dɛ/ |
galvaudait /ɡal.vo.dɛ/ |
galvaudions /ɡal.vo.djɔ̃/ |
galvaudiez /ɡal.vo.dje/ |
galvaudaient /ɡal.vo.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | galvaudai /ɡal.vo.de/ |
galvaudas /ɡal.vo.da/ |
galvauda /ɡal.vo.da/ |
galvaudâmes /ɡal.vo.dam/ |
galvaudâtes /ɡal.vo.dat/ |
galvaudèrent /ɡal.vo.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | galvauderai /ɡal.vo.dʁe/ |
galvauderas /ɡal.vo.dʁa/ |
galvaudera /ɡal.vo.dʁa/ |
galvauderons /ɡal.vo.dʁɔ̃/ |
galvauderez /ɡal.vo.dʁe/ |
galvauderont /ɡal.vo.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | galvauderais /ɡal.vo.dʁɛ/ |
galvauderais /ɡal.vo.dʁɛ/ |
galvauderait /ɡal.vo.dʁɛ/ |
galvauderions /ɡal.vo.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
galvauderiez /ɡal.vo.də.ʁje/ |
galvauderaient /ɡal.vo.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | galvaude /ɡal.vod/ |
galvaudes /ɡal.vod/ |
galvaude /ɡal.vod/ |
galvaudions /ɡal.vo.djɔ̃/ |
galvaudiez /ɡal.vo.dje/ |
galvaudent /ɡal.vod/ |
| imperfect2 | galvaudasse /ɡal.vo.das/ |
galvaudasses /ɡal.vo.das/ |
galvaudât /ɡal.vo.da/ |
galvaudassions /ɡal.vo.da.sjɔ̃/ |
galvaudassiez /ɡal.vo.da.sje/ |
galvaudassent /ɡal.vo.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | galvaude /ɡal.vod/ |
— | galvaudons /ɡal.vo.dɔ̃/ |
galvaudez /ɡal.vo.de/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Etymology and history of “galvauder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “wala”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 479
Further reading edit
- “galvauder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Poitevin-Saintongeais edit
Verb edit
galvauder
- to do a job poorly
References edit
- Jônain, Pierre. Dictionnaire du patois Saintongeais. 1869. Page 201.