Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English glōwan, from Proto-Germanic *glōaną.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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glowen

  1. To glow; to emit brightness and warmth.
  2. To emit brightness or colour without warmth; to have variegation.
  3. To feel strong emotion, especially irritation.
  4. (of metal) To warm until glowing.
  5. (rare) To glower; to look or stare at.
  6. (Christianity, rare) To be in pain or agony from the fires of Hell.

Usage notes

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This verb is mainly weak in Middle English, but some traces of its historic status as a class 7 strong verb still remain.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of glowen (weak in -ed or strong class 7)
infinitive (to) glowen, glowe
present tense past tense
1st-person singular glowe glowed, glew
2nd-person singular glowest glowedest, glewe, glew
3rd-person singular gloweth glowed, glew
subjunctive singular glowe glowed1, glewe1
imperative singular
plural2 glowen, glowe gloweden, glowede, glewen, glewe
imperative plural gloweth, glowe
participles glowynge, glowende glowed, glowen, glowe, yglowed, yglowen

1 Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

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Descendants

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  • English: glow
  • Scots: glow

References

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Old English

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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glōwen

  1. plural present subjunctive of glōwan

Participle

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glōwen

  1. past participle of glōwan