gypsum

English

Gypsum

Alternative forms

• gypse (obsolete)

Etymology

From Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos). Doublet of gesso.

Pronunciation

• (UK, General American) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɪp.səm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

gypsum (countable and uncountable, plural gypsums or gypsa)

1. A mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate. When calcinated, it forms plaster of Paris.
   • 1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 7:

     Besides being abundant, gypsum is easily refined into a powder for plaster or formed into sheets of wallboard.

Synonyms

• plaster-stone

 

Hypernyms

• calcium sulphate
• mineral
• sulphate

 

Coordinate terms

• anhydrite

 

Derived terms

• gypcrete
• gypcrust
• gyprock
• gyprocker
• gypseous
• gypsic
• gypsicolous
• gypsid
• gypsiferous
• gypsification
• gypsify
• gypsiorthid
• gypsisol
• gypsography
• gypsophile
• gypsophilic
• gypsophily
• gypsophyte
• gypsoplast
• gypstack
• gypsum board (panels)
• gypsum cave
• gypsumlike
• gypwater
• hypergypsic
• petrogypsic
• phosphogypsum

 

Related terms

• gypsobelum
• gypsobioside
• gypsophila, gyp
• gypsotrioside

Translations

mineral

• Albanian: gjíps (sq) m
• Armenian: գիպս (hy) (gips)
• Basque: gisu
• Bulgarian: гипс (bg) m (gips)
• Catalan: guix (ca) m, parrell (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 石膏 (zh) (shígāo)

• Czech: sádrovec (cs) m
• Danish: gips (da) c
• Dutch: gips (nl) n
• Esperanto: gipso (eo)
• Estonian: kips
• Finnish: kipsi (fi)
• French: gypse (fr) m
• Galician: xeso (gl) m, alxés m, elso m
• Georgian: თაბაშირი (tabaširi)
• German: Gips (de) m
• Greek: γύψος (el) m (gýpsos)

  Ancient: γύψος m (gúpsos)

• Hebrew: גֶּבֶס (he) m (géves)
• Hindi: हरसौंठ (harsa͠uṭh), कुलनार (hi) m (kulnār)
• Hungarian: gipsz (hu)
• Icelandic: gifs (is) n
• Italian: gesso (it) m
• Japanese: 石膏 (ja) (せっこう, sekkō)
• Korean: 석고 (ko) (seokgo)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: gypsum n
• Latvian: ģipsis m
• Malay: medang sila
• Navajo: łeezh łigaaí
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gips m

  Nynorsk: gips m

• Occitan: geis (oc) m
• Old English: spærstān m
• Persian: گچ (fa) (gač)
• Polish: gips (pl) m
• Portuguese: gipsita (pt) f (Brazil), gipsite f (Portugal)
• Romanian: ghips (ro) n
• Russian: гипс (ru) m (gips)
• Sicilian: jissu (scn) m
• Spanish: yeso (es) m
• Swedish: gips (sv) c
• Tagalog: yeso (tl)
• Tamil: உறைகளிக்கல் (uṟaikaḷikkal)
• Thai: ยิปซัม (yíp-sâm), เกลือจืด (th) (glʉʉa-jʉ̀ʉt)
• Turkish: alçı (tr)
• Ukrainian: гіпс m (hips)
• Vietnamese: thạch cao (vi)
• Welsh: gypswm m, glyfaen m

Further reading

• David Barthelmy (1997–2024) “Gypsum”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
• “gypsum”, in Mindat.org‎^[1], Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2024.
• gypsum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡyp.sum/, [ˈɡʏps̠ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒip.sum/, [ˈd͡ʒipsum]

Noun

gypsum n (genitive gypsī); second declension

1. gypsum
2. a plaster figure

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gypsum	gypsa
Genitive	gypsī	gypsōrum
Dative	gypsō	gypsīs
Accusative	gypsum	gypsa
Ablative	gypsō	gypsīs
Vocative	gypsum	gypsa

Descendants

• Asturian: yelsu, xiz
• Catalan: guix
• Occitan: geis
• Friulian: ges
• Galician: xeso, xiz
• Italian: gesso
  • → English: gesso
• Portuguese: giz, gesso
• Sicilian: jissu
• Spanish: gis, yeso
• Venetian: xeso, ges
• → English: gypsum (learned)
• → French: gypse
• → Proto-West Germanic: *gips (see there for further descendants)
• → Portuguese: gipso

References

• “gypsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gypsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gypsum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “gypsum”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[2]